ArticlePloS one2016
Application of Fluorescent Protein Expressing Strains to Evaluation of Anti-Tuberculosis Therapeutic Efficacy In Vitro and In Vivo.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Real-time bioluminescence imaging of mycobacteria with Akaluc: a novel method for monitoring drug efficacy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Application of luminescence-producing Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains for evaluating anti-tuberculosis drug and vaccine efficacy in vitro and in vivo.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- SMURF2 inhibits autophagic control ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Methods for Evaluating the Effects of 2D and 3D Culture Environment on Macrophage Response to Mycobacterium Infection.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Rhizosphere frame system enables nondestructive live-imaging of legume-rhizobium interactions in the soil.Journal of plant research · 2023Article
- Heterologous Expression ofAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Article
- A Fluorogenic Trehalose Probe for Tracking PhagocytosedJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2020Article
- Efficacy of Lytic Phage Cocktails onViruses · 2020Article
- DMN-Tre Labeling for Detection and High-Content Screening of Compounds against Intracellular Mycobacteria.ACS omega · 2020Article
- Identification of Anti-tuberculosis Compounds From Aurone Analogs.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Article
- Development and Optimization of Chromosomally-Integrated FluorescentFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Article
- Rapid Tuberculosis Diagnosis Using Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2019Article
- Fluorescent Mycobacterium tuberculosis reporters: illuminating host-pathogen interactions.Pathogens and disease · 2018Review
- Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2018Article
- Animal Models for Tuberculosis in Translational and Precision Medicine.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- New directions using reporter enzyme fluorescence (REF) as a tuberculosis diagnostic platform.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2016Article
- A Fluorescent Probe for DetectingFrontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The slow growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), hinders development of new diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. Using non-invasive real-time imaging technologies to monitor the disease process in live animals would facilitate TB research in all areas. We developed fluorescent protein (FP) expressing Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains for in vivo imaging, which can be used to track bacterial location, and to quantify bacterial load in live animals. We selected an optimal FP for in vivo imaging, by first cloning six FPs: tdTomato, mCherry, mPlum, mKate, Katushka and mKeima, into mycobacteria under either a mycobacterial Hsp60 or L5 promoter, and compared their fluorescent signals in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescence from each FP-expressing strain was measured with a multimode reader using the optimal excitation and emission wavelengths for the FP. After normalizing bacterial numbers with optical density, the strain expressing L5-tdTomato displayed the highest fluorescence. We used the tdTomato-labeled M. bovis BCG to obtain real-time images of pulmonary infections in living mice and rapidly determined the number of bacteria present. Further comparison between L5-tdTomato and Hsp60-tdTomato revealed that L5-tdTomato carried four-fold more tdTomato gene copies than Hsp60-tdTomato, which eventually led to higher protein expression of tdTomato. Evaluating anti-TB efficacy of rifampicin and isoniazid therapy in vitro and in vivo using the L5-tdTomato strain demonstrated that this strain can be used to identify anti-TB therapeutic efficacy as quickly as 24 h post-treatment. These M. bovis BCG reporter strains represent a valuable new tool for evaluation of therapeutics, vaccines and virulence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.