ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2016
Less than 3 doses of the HPV vaccine - Review of efficacy against virological and disease end points.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can the prophylactic quadrivalent HPV vaccine be used as a therapeutic agent in women with CIN? A randomized trial.BMC public health · 2020Trial
- Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Unvaccinated 16- to 20-Year-Old Men in Quebec, Canada.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Implementation of a Cancer Education Program in Rural Counties with the Lowest HPV Vaccination Rates and Health Rankings.Journal of health research · 2024Article
- Can prophylactic HPV vaccination reduce the recurrence of cervical lesions after surgery? Review and prospect.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Review
- Sociodemographic determinants of catch-up HPV vaccination completion between 2016-2019 in Norway.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Vaccine Effectiveness Following Routine Immunization With Bivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine: Protection Against Incident Genital HPV Infections From a Reduced-Dosing Schedule.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- HPV Vaccination in Women with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Undergoing Excisional Treatment: Insights into Unsolved Questions.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Observational
- Experience of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Project in a Community Set Up-An Indian Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Article
- Cost-effectiveness of Interventions to Increase HPV Vaccine Uptake.Pediatrics · 2020Article
- Personalized Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Persistence of Immunity for Cervical Cancer Prevention: A Critical Review With Experts' Opinions.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Infection in Young Sexual Minority Men: The P18 Cohort Study.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2019Article
- Persistence of Immunity When Using Different Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Schedules and Booster-Dose Effects 5 Years After Primary Vaccination.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Current issues facing the introduction of human papillomavirus vaccine in China and future prospects.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Review
- Antibody persistence after a single dose of quadrivalent HPV vaccine and the effect of a dose of nonavalent vaccine given 3-8 years later - an exploratory study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Article
- Early use of the HPV 2-dose vaccination schedule: Leveraging evidence to support policy for accelerated impact.Vaccine · 2018Article
- Human papillomavirus vaccination: the population impact.F1000Research · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) recommended 2 doses of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for girls below 15 y on the basis of the immune-bridging studies demonstrating non-inferior immune response of 2 doses in the adolescent girls compared to 3 doses in the young adult women in whom the efficacy against disease is established. The biological nature of the antigens (virus-like particles) constituting the HPV vaccine is responsible for the vigorous antibody response that may make the third dose redundant. The protection offered by 2 doses has been demonstrated in non-randomized clinical trials to be comparable to that offered by 3 doses against incident and persistent infections of vaccine targeted HPV types. However, results emerging from the ecological and nested case-control studies embedded in the population based screening programs of different countries indicate reduced efficacy of 2 doses against virological and disease end points. Some recent studies observed the protective effect of single dose of the vaccine against incident and persistent infections of the vaccine targeted HPV types to be similar to 3 doses in spite of immunological inferiority. The sample size, duration of follow-ups and number of events were limited in these studies. Longer follow ups of the less than 3 doses cohorts in the ongoing studies as well as appropriately designed and ethically justifiable randomized studies are needed to establish the protection offered by the alternative schedules at least beyond 10 y of vaccination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.