ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2016
A Multicountry Molecular Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi With Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Molecular epidemiology of fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- An Appraisal of the Clinical Features of Pediatric Enteric Fever: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Age-Stratified Disease Occurrence.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Pooled it
- Article
- Seroincidence Rate of Typhoidal Salmonella in Children, Kenya, 2017-2018.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Assessing Salmonella Typhi Pathogenicity and Prevention: The Crucial Role of Vaccination in Combating Typhoid Fever.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Seroprevalence of Chikungunya and O'nyong-nyong Viruses in Senegal, West Africa.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Predominance of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi genotype 4.3.1 with low-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Zanzibar.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Facility-based disease surveillance and Bayesian hierarchical modeling to estimate endemic typhoid fever incidence, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, 2007-2018.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance Among Pathogens Causing Bloodstream Infections: A Multicenter Surveillance Report Over 20 Years (1998-2017).Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Emerging Trends of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR)Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Mutational Diversity in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of Type-II Topoisomerases ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Increasingly limited options for the treatment of enteric fever in travellers returning to England, 2014-2019: a cross-sectional analytical study.Journal of medical microbiology · 2021Article
- Discovery of seven novel mutations of gyrB, parC and parE in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi strains from Jiangsu Province of China.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Regional Variation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacterales, Fluoroquinolone-ResistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Antibiotics utilization and farmers' knowledge of its effects on soil ecosystem in the coastal drylands of Ghana.PloS one · 2020Article
- Chromosomal and plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance in human Salmonella enterica infection in Ghana.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- A Phase II, Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Safety and Immunogenicity Trial of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine in Children Under 2 Years of Age in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A Methods Paper.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Typhoid Fever: Tracking the Trend in Nigeria.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
41 authors at 16 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSalmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a predominant cause of bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Increasing numbers of S. Typhi with resistance to ciprofloxacin have been reported from different parts of the world. However, data from SSA are limited. In this study, we aimed to measure the ciprofloxacin susceptibility of S. Typhi isolated from patients with febrile illness in SSA.
methodsFebrile patients from 9 sites within 6 countries in SSA with a body temperature of ≥38.0°C were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were obtained for bacterial culture, and Salmonella isolates were identified biochemically and confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility of all Salmonella isolates was performed by disk diffusion test, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against ciprofloxacin were measured by Etest. All Salmonella isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC > 0.06 µg/mL) were screened for mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions in target genes, and the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes was assessed by PCR.
resultsA total of 8161 blood cultures were performed, and 100 (1.2%) S. Typhi, 2 (<0.1%) Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A, and 27 (0.3%) nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) were isolated. Multidrug-resistant S. Typhi were isolated in Kenya (79% [n = 38]) and Tanzania (89% [n = 8]) only. Reduced ciprofloxacin-susceptible (22% [n = 11]) S. Typhi were isolated only in Kenya. Among those 11 isolates, all had a Glu133Gly mutation in the gyrA gene combined with either a gyrA (Ser83Phe) or gyrB mutation (Ser464Phe). One Salmonella Paratyphi A isolate with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was found in Senegal, with 1 mutation in gyrA (Ser83Phe) and a second mutation in parC (Ser57Phe). Mutations in the parE gene and PMQR genes were not detected in any isolate.
conclusionsSalmonella Typhi with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was not distributed homogenously throughout SSA. Its prevalence was very high in Kenya, and was not observed in other study countries. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility is required to follow the potential spread of antimicrobial-resistant isolates throughout SSA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.