Observational studyBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2016
Primary prevention and risk factor reduction in coronary heart disease mortality among working aged men and women in eastern Finland over 40 years: population based observational study.
Observational study in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender correlation between sleep duration and risk of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of wenxin granule and metoprolol for the treatment of coronary heart disease and arrhythmia.Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of initial computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography in women and men with stable chest pain and suspected coronary artery disease: multicentre randomised trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Analysis of the association betweenFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Regional differences in the prevalence of obstetric complications in relation to maternal obesity and food purchases.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Observational
- Long-term Major Adverse Cardiac Event Prediction by Computed Tomography-derived Plaque Measures and Clinical Parameters Using Machine Learning.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Gender and Educational Trends in Lifetime Risk, Age at Onset, Expectancy, and Survival With Cardiovascular Disease in Finland, 1996-2020.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Divergent trends in the incidence and mortality of acute myocardial ischaemic syndrome, especially in women. Evidence from Finland in 1996-2021.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- Secular trends in frailty among community-dwelling 75-95-year-old cohorts over three decades in Helsinki, Finland.Age and ageing · 2024Article
- Hypertension in Pregnancy Among Immigrant and Swedish Women: A Cohort Study of All Pregnant Women in Sweden.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- In Search of Risk Factors: The Origin and Early Stages of Cardiovascular Epidemiology.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Prevalence and trend of multiple coronary artery disease risk factors and their 5-year incidence rate among adult population of Kerman: results from KERCADR study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Construction and validation of coronary heart disease risk prediction model for general hospitals in Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Trajectories of CVD medication after statutory retirement: contributions of pre-retirement sociodemographic, work and health-related factors: a register study in Finland.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Implementation of the ESC STEMI guidelines in female and elderly patients over a 20-year period in a large German registry.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2023Article
- Measures of Early-life Behavior and Later Psychopathology in the LifeCycle Project - EU Child Cohort Network: A Cohort Description.Journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- A short history from Karelia study to biodiversity and public health interventions.Frontiers in allergy · 2023Review
- Nuts and seeds consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and their risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Food & nutrition research · 2023Review
- How to prevent non-communicable diseases? - A continuous need for a better understanding of the role of nutritional factors through scientific research.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate how much changes in the main risk factors of cardiovascular disease (smoking prevalence, serum cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure) can explain the reduction in coronary heart disease mortality observed among working aged men and women in eastern Finland.
designPopulation based observational study.
settingEastern Finland.
participants34,525 men and women aged 30-59 years who participated in the national FINRISK studies between 1972 and 2012.
interventionsChange in main cardiovascular risk factors through population based primary prevention.
main outcome measuresPredicted and observed age standardised mortality due to coronary heart disease. Predicted change was estimated with a logistic regression model using risk factor data collected in nine consecutive, population based, risk factor surveys conducted every five years since 1972. Data on observed mortality were obtained from the National Causes of Death Register.
resultsDuring the 40 year study period, levels of the three major cardiovascular risk factors decreased except for a small increase in serum cholesterol levels between 2007 and 2012. From years 1969-1972 to 2012, coronary heart disease mortality decreased by 82% (from 643 to 118 deaths per 100,000 people) and 84% (114 to 17) among men and women aged 35-64 years, respectively. During the first 10 years of the study, changes in these three target risk factors contributed to nearly all of the observed mortality reduction. Since the mid-1980s, the observed reduction in mortality has been larger than predicted. In the last 10 years of the study, about two thirds (69% in men and 66% in women) of the reduction could be explained by changes in the three main risk factors, and the remaining third by other factors.
conclusionReductions in disease burden and mortality due to coronary heart disease can be achieved through the use of population based primary prevention programmes. Secondary prevention among high risk individuals and treatment of acute events of coronary heart disease could confer additional benefit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.