ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
The retrovirus HTLV-1 inserts an ectopic CTCF-binding site into the human genome.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.
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Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunological decoding of adult T cell leukemia - its cell of origin and oncogenesis.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Preparation of soluble and functional recombinant HTLV-1 Tax protein using bacterial chaperones.Biology open · 2026Article
- Molecular Mimics: How Viral Genomes Dupe Their Host by Usurping CTCF to Establish Infection.Viruses · 2026Review
- Viral-driven oncogenesis in T/NK-cell lymphomas: parallels and divergences between HTLV-1 and EBV.International journal of hematology · 2026Review
- From Genomic and Epigenomic Maps to Medicines in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma.Cancer science · 2026Review
- Review
- Intra-pol proviral open region of HTLV-1 controls the transcription from both long terminal repeats.Retrovirology · 2025Article
- Review
- Role of the CTCF binding site in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus-1 pathogenesis.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Intragenic viral silencer element regulates HTLV-1 latency via RUNX complex recruitment.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Viral oncogenesis in cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV): Epidemiology, Genetic, Pathogenesis, and Future Challenges.Viruses · 2025Review
- Multi-cohort cross-omics analysis reveals disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, a neglected retroviral neuroinflammatory disorder.Research square · 2025Article
- Review
- Multi-omics analysis reveals the dynamic interplay between Vero host chromatin structure and function during vaccinia virus infection.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Viral remodeling of the 4D nucleome.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- The impact of HTLV-1 expression on the 3D structure and expression of host chromatin.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Epstein-Barr virus and host cell 3D genome organization.Journal of medical virology · 2023Review
- The Pleiotropic Effects of YBX1 on HTLV-1 Transcription.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The transcriptome of HTLV-1-infected primary cells following reactivation reveals changes to host gene expression central to the proviral life cycle.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes malignant and inflammatory diseases in ∼10% of infected people. A typical host has between 10(4) and 10(5) clones of HTLV-1-infected T lymphocytes, each clone distinguished by the genomic integration site of the single-copy HTLV-1 provirus. The HTLV-1 bZIP (HBZ) factor gene is constitutively expressed from the minus strand of the provirus, whereas plus-strand expression, required for viral propagation to uninfected cells, is suppressed or intermittent in vivo, allowing escape from host immune surveillance. It remains unknown what regulates this pattern of proviral transcription and latency. Here, we show that CTCF, a key regulator of chromatin structure and function, binds to the provirus at a sharp border in epigenetic modifications in the pX region of the HTLV-1 provirus in T cells naturally infected with HTLV-1. CTCF is a zinc-finger protein that binds to an insulator region in genomic DNA and plays a fundamental role in controlling higher order chromatin structure and gene expression in vertebrate cells. We show that CTCF bound to HTLV-1 acts as an enhancer blocker, regulates HTLV-1 mRNA splicing, and forms long-distance interactions with flanking host chromatin. CTCF-binding sites (CTCF-BSs) have been propagated throughout the genome by transposons in certain primate lineages, but CTCF binding has not previously been described in present-day exogenous retroviruses. The presence of an ectopic CTCF-BS introduced by the retrovirus in tens of thousands of genomic locations has the potential to cause widespread abnormalities in host cell chromatin structure and gene expression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.