Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26928672›Full record

ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2016

MSC secretes at least 3 EV types each with a unique permutation of membrane lipid, protein and RNA.

Ruenn Chai Lai, Soon Sim Tan, Ronne Wee Yeh Yeo, Andre Boon Hwa Choo, Agnes T Reiner, Yan Su, Yang Shen, Zhiyan Fu, Lezhava Alexander, Siu Kwan Sze and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
158citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
13.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

158 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 275 citations in OpenAlex.

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98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

Ruenn Chai LaiA*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore.
Soon Sim TanA*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore.
Ronne Wee Yeh YeoA*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore.
Andre Boon Hwa ChooA*STAR Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Singapore.
Agnes T ReinerBioSensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
Yan SuA*STAR Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.
Yang ShenA*STAR Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.
Zhiyan FuA*STAR Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.
Lezhava AlexanderA*STAR Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.
Siu Kwan SzeSchool of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Sai Kiang LimA*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore.
Agency for Science, Technology and Research · SGGenome Institute of Singapore · SGInstitute of Medical Biology · SGAustrian Institute of Technology · ATNanyang Technological University · SGNational University of Singapore · SG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), a widely used adult stem cell candidate for regenerative medicine, has been shown to exert some of its therapeutic effects through the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). These homogenously sized EVs of 100-150 ηm exhibited many exosome-like biophysical and biochemical properties and carry both proteins and RNAs. Recently, exosome-associated proteins in this MSC EV preparation were found to segregate primarily to those EVs that bind cholera toxin B chain (CTB), a GM1 ganglioside-specific ligand, and pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that these EVs have endosomal origin and carried many of the exosome-associated markers. Here, we report that only a fraction of the MSC EV proteome was found in CTB-bound EVs. Using Annexin V (AV) and Shiga toxin B subunit (ST) with affinities for phosphatidylserine and globotriaosylceramide, respectively, AV- and a ST-binding EV were identified. CTB-, AV- and ST-binding EVs all carried actin. However, the AV-binding EVs carried low or undetectable levels of the exosome-associated proteins. Only the ST-binding EVs carried RNA and EDA-containing fibronectin. Proteins in AV-binding EVs were also different from those released by apoptotic MSCs. CTB- and AV-binding activities were localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of MSCs, while ST-binding activity was localized to the nucleus. Together, this study demonstrates that cells secrete many types of EVs. Specifically, MSCs secrete at least 3 types. They can be differentially isolated based on their affinities for membrane lipid-binding ligands. As the subcellular sites of the binding activities of these ligands and cargo load are different for each EV type, they are likely to have a different biogenesis pathway and possibly different functions.

Indexed as

annexin Vcholera toxin Bexosomemesenchymal stem cellshiga toxin

Identifiers

PMID26928672
PMCPMC4770866
OpenAlexW2281182212

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.