Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26928025›Full record

SynthesisBMJ open2016

Community pharmacy-delivered interventions for public health priorities: a systematic review of interventions for alcohol reduction, smoking cessation and weight management, including meta-analysis for smoking cessation.

Tamara J Brown, Adam Todd, Claire O'Malley, Helen J Moore, Andrew K Husband, Clare Bambra, Adetayo Kasim, Falko F Sniehotta, Liz Steed, Sarah Smith and 2 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03597607 (Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of an Intensive and Abbreviated Individualized Smoking Cessation Support Program Delivered by Pharmacists), which is not on this map. Cited by 95 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
95citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03597607 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of an Intensive and Abbreviated Individualized Smoking Cessation Support Program Delivered by Pharmacists: A Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorMemorial University of NewfoundlandRan2018 to 2022Enrolled150ConditionsSmoking Cessation, Smoking, Tobacco, Quality of LifeArmsIntensive Smoking Cessation Group, Abbreviated Smoking Cessation Group
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

95 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  7. Community pharmacy personnel interventions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
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  8. Impact of integrating pharmacists into primary care teams on health systems indicators: a systematic review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2019
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35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Tamara J BrownSchool of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK FUSE, UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK.
Adam ToddSchool of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK FUSE, UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK Centre for Health and Inequalities Research, Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UK.
Claire O'MalleySchool of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK FUSE, UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK.
Helen J MooreSchool of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK FUSE, UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK.
Andrew K HusbandSchool of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK FUSE, UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK.
Clare BambraFUSE, UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK Centre for Health and Inequalities Research, Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UK.
Adetayo KasimWolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK.
Falko F SniehottaFUSE, UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
Liz SteedBlizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
Sarah SmithSchool of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK FUSE, UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK.
Lucie NieldSheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
Carolyn D SummerbellSchool of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK FUSE, UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK.

Funding

Department of Health 12/153/52Medical Research Council MR/K02325X/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo systematically review the effectiveness of community pharmacy-delivered interventions for alcohol reduction, smoking cessation and weight management.

designSystematic review and meta-analyses. 10 electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2014. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: STUDY

designrandomised and non-randomised controlled trials; controlled before/after studies, interrupted times series.

interventionany relevant intervention set in a community pharmacy, delivered by the pharmacy team. No restrictions on duration, country, age, or language.

results19 studies were included: 2 alcohol reduction, 12 smoking cessation and 5 weight management. Study quality rating: 6 'strong', 4 'moderate' and 9 'weak'. 8 studies were conducted in the UK, 4 in the USA, 2 in Australia, 1 each in 5 other countries. Evidence from 2 alcohol-reduction interventions was limited. Behavioural support and/or nicotine replacement therapy are effective and cost-effective for smoking cessation: pooled OR was 2.56 (95% CI 1.45 to 4.53) for active intervention vs usual care. Pharmacy-based interventions produced similar weight loss compared with active interventions in other primary care settings; however, weight loss was not sustained longer term in a range of primary care and commercial settings compared with control. Pharmacy-based weight management interventions have similar provider costs to those delivered in other primary care settings, which are greater than those delivered by commercial organisations. Very few studies explored if and how sociodemographic or socioeconomic variables moderated intervention effects. Insufficient information was available to examine relationships between effectiveness and behaviour change strategies, implementation factors, or organisation and delivery of interventions.

conclusionsCommunity pharmacy-delivered interventions are effective for smoking cessation, and demonstrate that the pharmacy is a feasible option for weight management interventions. Given the potential reach, effectiveness and associated costs of these interventions, commissioners should consider using community pharmacies to help deliver public health services.

Indexed as

Delivery of Health CareSmoking CessationWeight LossAge FactorsAlcohol DrinkingBehavior TherapyCommunity Pharmacy ServicesCost-Benefit AnalysisHumansSex FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsUnited StatesNUTRITION & DIETETICSPREVENTIVE MEDICINEPUBLIC HEALTH

Identifiers

PMID26928025
PMCPMC4780058

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.