Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26926276›Full record

ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2016

The coevolution of innovation and technical intelligence in primates.

Ana F Navarrete, Simon M Reader, Sally E Street, Andrew Whalen, Kevin N Laland

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Socioecological complexity in primate groups and its cognitive correlates.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Proximate mechanisms underlying the coevolution of diet quality and relative brain size in primates.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Waterbird solves the string-pull test.Royal Society open science · 2021
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ana F NavarreteSchool of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK afn2@st-andrews.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-0678
Simon M ReaderDepartment of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3785-1357
Sally E StreetSchool of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, UK.
Andrew WhalenSchool of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK.
Kevin N LalandSchool of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In birds and primates, the frequency of behavioural innovation has been shown to covary with absolute and relative brain size, leading to the suggestion that large brains allow animals to innovate, and/or that selection for innovativeness, together with social learning, may have driven brain enlargement. We examined the relationship between primate brain size and both technical (i.e. tool using) and non-technical innovation, deploying a combination of phylogenetically informed regression and exploratory causal graph analyses. Regression analyses revealed that absolute and relative brain size correlated positively with technical innovation, and exhibited consistently weaker, but still positive, relationships with non-technical innovation. These findings mirror similar results in birds. Our exploratory causal graph analyses suggested that technical innovation shares strong direct relationships with brain size, body size, social learning rate and social group size, whereas non-technical innovation did not exhibit a direct relationship with brain size. Nonetheless, non-technical innovation was linked to brain size indirectly via diet and life-history variables. Our findings support 'technical intelligence' hypotheses in linking technical innovation to encephalization in the restricted set of primate lineages where technical innovation has been reported. Our findings also provide support for a broad co-evolving complex of brain, behaviour, life-history, social and dietary variables, providing secondary support for social and ecological intelligence hypotheses. The ability to gain access to difficult-to-extract, but potentially nutrient-rich, resources through tool use may have conferred on some primates adaptive advantages, leading to selection for brain circuitry that underlies technical proficiency.

Indexed as

Behavior, AnimalBiological EvolutionIntelligenceAnimalsBody SizeBrainDietOrgan SizePrimatesSocial Behaviorbrain evolutioninnovationintelligenceprimate cognitionsocial learningtool use

Identifiers

PMID26926276
PMCPMC4780528

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.