Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26925966›Full record

ArticleVeterinary research2016

Impact of the shedding level on transmission of persistent infections in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP).

Noa Slater, Rebecca Mans Mitchell, Robert H Whitlock, Terry Fyock, Abani Kumar Pradhan, Elena Knupfer, Ynte Hein Schukken, Yoram Louzoun

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Successful Control ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Noa SlaterGonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. noa.slater@gmail.com.
Rebecca Mans MitchellDepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. rmm257@gmail.com.
Robert H WhitlockNew Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Philadelphia, PA, USA. rhw@vet.upenn.edu.
Terry FyockNew Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Philadelphia, PA, USA. tfyock@vet.upenn.edu.
Abani Kumar PradhanDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA. akp@umd.edu.
Elena KnupferUtrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. eknupfer85@gmail.com.
Ynte Hein SchukkenDepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. y.schukken@gdanimalhealth.com.
Yoram LouzounGonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. louzouy@math.biu.ac.il.
Bar-Ilan University · ILUniversity of Pennsylvania · USCornell University · USDe Gezondheidsdienst voor Dieren · NLUniversity of Maryland, College Park · USUtrecht University · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Super-shedders are infectious individuals that contribute a disproportionate amount of infectious pathogen load to the environment. A super-shedder host may produce up to 10,000 times more pathogens than other infectious hosts. Super-shedders have been reported for multiple human and animal diseases. If their contribution to infection dynamics was linear to the pathogen load, they would dominate infection dynamics. We here focus on quantifying the effect of super-shedders on the spread of infection in natural environments to test if such an effect actually occurs in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). We study a case where the infection dynamics and the bacterial load shed by each host at every point in time are known. Using a maximum likelihood approach, we estimate the parameters of a model with multiple transmission routes, including direct contact, indirect contact and a background infection risk. We use longitudinal data from persistent infections (MAP), where infectious individuals have a wide distribution of infectious loads, ranging upward of three orders of magnitude. We show based on these parameters that the effect of super-shedders for MAP is limited and that the effect of the individual bacterial load is limited and the relationship between bacterial load and the infectiousness is highly concave. A 1000-fold increase in the bacterial contribution is equivalent to up to a 2-3 fold increase in infectiousness.

Indexed as

Bacterial SheddingAnimalsCattleCattle DiseasesDairyingFecesFemaleLikelihood FunctionsLongitudinal StudiesModels, TheoreticalMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosisNew YorkParatuberculosisPennsylvaniaVermont

Identifiers

PMID26925966
PMCPMC4772324
OpenAlexW2291087357

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.