Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26924393›Full record

ArticleDiabetologia2016

Cancer incidence in persons with type 1 diabetes: a five-country study of 9,000 cancers in type 1 diabetic individuals.

Bendix Carstensen, Stephanie H Read, Søren Friis, Reijo Sund, Ilmo Keskimäki, Ann-Marie Svensson, Rickard Ljung, Sarah H Wild, Joannes J Kerssens, Jessica L Harding and 3 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetologia, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
104citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

104 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022
    Guideline
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  8. The Bidirectional Relationship Between Diabetes and Cancer: Mechanistic Insights, Epigenetic Intermediaries, and Therapeutic Approaches.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Review
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44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.

Bendix CarstensenSteno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark.
Stephanie H ReadUsher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK. Stephanie.read@ed.ac.uk.
Søren FriisInstitute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Reijo SundCentre for Research Methods, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Ilmo KeskimäkiDivision of Health and Social Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Ann-Marie SvenssonDepartment of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Rickard LjungInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sarah H WildUsher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK.
Joannes J KerssensInformation Services, NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Jessica L HardingDepartment of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Dianna J MaglianoDepartment of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Soffia GudbjörnsdottirDepartment of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Diabetes and Cancer Research Consortium
Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute · AUSahlgrenska University Hospital · SEUniversity of Edinburgh · GBDanish Cancer Society · DKFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare · FIKarolinska Institutet · SENational Health Service Scotland · GBSteno Diabetes Center · DKUniversity of Helsinki · FI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisAn excess cancer incidence of 20-25% has been identified among persons with diabetes, most of whom have type 2 diabetes. We aimed to describe the association between type 1 diabetes and cancer incidence.

methodsPersons with type 1 diabetes were identified from five nationwide diabetes registers: Australia (2000-2008), Denmark (1995-2014), Finland (1972-2012), Scotland (1995-2012) and Sweden (1987-2012). Linkage to national cancer registries provided the numbers of incident cancers in people with type 1 diabetes and in the general population. We used Poisson models with adjustment for age and date of follow up to estimate hazard ratios for total and site-specific cancers.

resultsA total of 9,149 cancers occurred among persons with type 1 diabetes in 3.9 million person-years. The median age at cancer diagnosis was 51.1 years (interquartile range 43.5-59.5). The hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) associated with type 1 diabetes for all cancers combined were 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) among men and 1.07 (1.04, 1.10) among women. HRs were increased for cancer of the stomach (men, HR 1.23 [1.04, 1.46]; women, HR 1.78 [1.49, 2.13]), liver (men, HR 2.00 [1.67, 2.40]; women, HR 1.55 [1.14, 2.10]), pancreas (men, HR 1.53 [1.30, 1.79]; women, HR 1.25 [1.02,1.53]), endometrium (HR 1.42 [1.27, 1.58]) and kidney (men, HR 1.30 [1.12, 1.49]; women, HR 1.47 [1.23, 1.77]). Reduced HRs were found for cancer of the prostate (HR 0.56 [0.51, 0.61]) and breast (HR 0.90 [0.85, 0.94]). HRs declined with increasing diabetes duration.

conclusionType 1 diabetes was associated with differences in the risk of several common cancers; the strength of these associations varied with the duration of diabetes.

Indexed as

AustraliaDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleFinlandHumansIncidenceMaleNeoplasmsProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsScotlandSwedenCancer incidenceCancer rate ratioCancer subtypesDiabetes duration

Identifiers

PMID26924393
PMCPMC4826427
OpenAlexW2288987572

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.