ArticleBMC genomics2016
Recombination in pe/ppe genes contributes to genetic variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages.
Article in BMC genomics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complete genomes reveal a refined map of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetic diversity across evolutionary scales.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pervasive genome structure heterogeneity iniScience · 2026Article
- Reducing mapping reference and lineage bias inMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Gene conversion is a key driver of diversity hotspots inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- An in silico approach for screening non-synonymous SNPs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE68 protein and impact on structure.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gene conversion and duplication contribute to genetic variation in an outbreak ofMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Interred mechanisms of resistance and host immune evasion revealed through network-connectivity analysis ofmSystems · 2025Article
- Article
- Signatures of transmission in within-host Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex variation: a retrospective genomic epidemiology study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Article
- Article
- Paired analysis of host and pathogen genomes identifies determinants of human tuberculosis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- PE/PPE Proteome and ESX-5 Substrate Spectrum inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Diversification of gene content in theMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Screening of novel narrow-spectrum benzofuroxan derivatives for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis throughFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Identification of positively selected genes inFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Large-scale Pan Genomic Analysis ofEvolutionary bioinformatics online · 2024Article
- The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome at 25 years: lessons and lingering questions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Review
- Transmission Dynamics of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Outbreak in an Indigenous Population in the Colombian Amazon Region.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Analysis of Genome-Wide Mutational Dependence in Naturally Evolving Mycobacterium tuberculosis Populations.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 13 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundApproximately 10% of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome is made up of two families of genes that are poorly characterized due to their high GC content and highly repetitive nature. The PE and PPE families are typified by their highly conserved N-terminal domains that incorporate proline-glutamate (PE) and proline-proline-glutamate (PPE) signature motifs. They are hypothesised to be important virulence factors involved with host-pathogen interactions, but their high genetic variability and complexity of analysis means they are typically disregarded in genome studies.
resultsTo elucidate the structure of these genes, 518 genomes from a diverse international collection of clinical isolates were de novo assembled. A further 21 reference M. tuberculosis complex genomes and long read sequence data were used to validate the approach. SNP analysis revealed that variation in the majority of the 168 pe/ppe genes studied was consistent with lineage. Several recombination hotspots were identified, notably pe_pgrs3 and pe_pgrs17. Evidence of positive selection was revealed in 65 pe/ppe genes, including epitopes potentially binding to major histocompatibility complex molecules.
conclusionsThis, the first comprehensive study of the pe and ppe genes, provides important insight into M. tuberculosis diversity and has significant implications for vaccine development.
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