Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26923363›Full record

ArticleBiomaterials2016

Dexamethasone retrodialysis attenuates microglial response to implanted probes in vivo.

Takashi D Y Kozai, Andrea S Jaquins-Gerstl, Alberto L Vazquez, Adrian C Michael, X Tracy Cui

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomaterials, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
67citing papers in PubMed
9.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

67 citing papers in PubMed, 113 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  7. Chronic alteration of CabioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Takashi D Y KozaiBioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Neurotech Center of the University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, United States. Electronic address: tdk18@pitt.edu.
Andrea S Jaquins-GerstlChemistry, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
Alberto L VazquezBioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, United States; Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
Adrian C MichaelChemistry, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
X Tracy CuiBioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States. Electronic address: xic11@pitt.edu.
University of Pittsburgh · USAllen Institute for Brain Science · US

Funding

Improving chronic neural recording performance through biomaterial strategiesR01NS062019 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI CUI, XINYAN TRACY · 2008 to 2018
$4.4M
Inhibition of Neural Electrode-mediated Inflammation and Neuronal Cell DeathR01NS089688 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI CUI, XINYAN TRACY · 2015 to 2019
$3.1M
Mechanisms behind Electrode Induced BBB damage's impact on neural recordingR01NS094396 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI KOZAI, TAKASHI DANIEL YOSHIDA · 2015 to 2019
$2.2M
Excitatory and Inhibitory Activity Contributions to Hemodynamic SignalsR01NS094404 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI VAZQUEZ, ALBERTO L · 2016 to 2020
$1.7M
Functional relationship between neural, metabolic and hemodynamic responsesK01NS066131 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI VAZQUEZ, ALBERTO L · 2010 to 2014
$617k
Mapping Striatal Dopamine DomainsR21NS086107 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI MICHAEL, ADRIAN C · 2013 to 2014
$397k
NINDS NIH HHS 1K01NS066131NINDS NIH HHS 1R01NS089688NINDS NIH HHS 1R01NS094396-01NINDS NIH HHS 5R01NS062019NINDS NIH HHS K01 NS066131NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS062019NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS089688NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS094396NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS094404NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS086107
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intracortical neural probes enable researchers to measure electrical and chemical signals in the brain. However, penetration injury from probe insertion into living brain tissue leads to an inflammatory tissue response. In turn, microglia are activated, which leads to encapsulation of the probe and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This inflammatory tissue response alters the electrical and chemical microenvironment surrounding the implanted probe, which may in turn interfere with signal acquisition. Dexamethasone (Dex), a potent anti-inflammatory steroid, can be used to prevent and diminish tissue disruptions caused by probe implantation. Herein, we report retrodialysis administration of dexamethasone while using in vivo two-photon microscopy to observe real-time microglial reaction to the implanted probe. Microdialysis probes under artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) perfusion with or without Dex were implanted into the cortex of transgenic mice that express GFP in microglia under the CX3CR1 promoter and imaged for 6 h. Acute morphological changes in microglia were evident around the microdialysis probe. The radius of microglia activation was 177.1 μm with aCSF control compared to 93.0 μm with Dex perfusion. T-stage morphology and microglia directionality indices were also used to quantify the microglial response to implanted probes as a function of distance. Dexamethasone had a profound effect on the microglia morphology and reduced the acute activation of these cells.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsBrainDexamethasoneHead Injuries, PenetratingInflammationMice, TransgenicMicrodialysisMicrogliaProstheses and ImplantsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsDexamethasoneBlood-brain barrier (BBB)Brain penetration-injuryDexamethasoneMicrodialysisMicrogliaMultiphoton microscopy

Identifiers

PMID26923363
PMCPMC4866508
OpenAlexW2266041004

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.