ArticleNeurotoxicology2016
Associations between the self-reported frequency of hearing chemical alarms in theater and regional brain volume in Gulf War Veterans.
Article in Neurotoxicology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of self-reported health symptoms in 1990-1991 Gulf War and Gulf War-era veterans.BMJ open · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of predicted Khamisiyah exposure on default mode network resting state functional connectivity in Gulf War Veterans.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Genetic association between the APOE ε4 allele, toxicant exposures and Gulf war illness diagnosis.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Article
- Evaluation of delayed LNFPIII treatment initiation protocol on improving long-term behavioral and neuroinflammatory pathology in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- The impact of neurotoxicant exposures on posttraumatic stress disorder trajectories: The Ft. Devens Gulf War Veterans Cohort.Journal of traumatic stress · 2022Article
- Evaluation of a Gene-Environment Interaction ofEnvironmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- Health symptom trajectories and neurotoxicant exposures in Gulf War veterans: the Ft. Devens cohort.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Article
- Gulf War veterans exhibit broadband sleep EEG power reductions in regions overlying the frontal lobe.Life sciences · 2021Article
- Neuroimaging Markers for Studying Gulf-War Illness: Single-Subject Level Analytical Method Based on Machine Learning.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Convenience Sample of 202 Gulf War Veterans.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor exposures as an initiating factor in the development of Gulf War Illness, a chronic neuroimmune disorder in deployed veterans.Neuropharmacology · 2020Review
- Neuropsychological Findings in Gulf War Illness: A Review.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Review
- Metabolic features of Gulf War illness.PloS one · 2019Article
- The Multiple Hit Hypothesis for Gulf War Illness: Self-Reported Chemical/Biological Weapons Exposure and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.Brain sciences · 2018Article
- Trends in brain cancer mortality among U.S. Gulf War veterans: 21 year follow-up.Cancer epidemiology · 2017Article
- Subcortical brain atrophy in Gulf War Illness.Experimental brain research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe previously reported evidence of reduced cortical gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and hippocampal volume in Gulf War (GW) veterans with predicted exposure to low-levels of nerve agent according to the 2000 Khamisiyah plume model analysis. Because there is suggestive evidence that other nerve agent exposures may have occurred during the Gulf War, we examined the association between the self-reported frequency of hearing chemical alarms sound during deployment in the Gulf War and regional brain volume in GW veterans.
methodsNinety consecutive GW veterans (15 female, mean age: 52±8years) participating in a VA-funded study underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 3T scanner. Freesurfer (version 5.1) was used to obtain regional measures of cortical GM, WM, hippocampal, and insula volume. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the association between the self-reported frequencies of hearing chemical alarms during the Gulf War and regional brain volume.
resultsThere was an inverse association between the self-reported frequency of hearing chemical alarms sound and total cortical GM (adjusted p=0.007), even after accounting for potentially confounding demographic and clinical variables, the veterans' current health status, and other concurrent deployment-related exposures that were correlated with hearing chemical alarms. Post-hoc analyses extended the inverse relationship between the frequency of hearing chemical alarms to GM volume in the frontal (adjusted p=0.02), parietal (adjusted p=0.01), and occipital (adjusted p=0.001) lobes. In contrast, regional brain volumes were not significantly associated with predicted exposure to the Khamisiyah plume or with Gulf War Illness status defined by the Kansas or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria.
conclusionsMany veterans reported hearing chemical alarms sound during the Gulf War. The current findings suggest that exposure to substances that triggered those chemical alarms during the Gulf War likely had adverse neuroanatomical effects.
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Registered trials
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