Trial reportAmerican heart journal2016
Revisiting age-predicted maximal heart rate: Can it be used as a valid measure of effort?
Trial report in American heart journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cardiorespiratory fitness after correction of pectus excavatum: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Brazilian Guideline for Exercise Test in the Adult Population - 2024.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Guideline
- Hemodynamic Changes During Physiological and Pharmacological Stress Testing in Healthy Subjects, Aortic Stenosis and Aortic Coarctation Patients-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Comparative Efficacy of High-Intensity Training Versus Conventional Training in Individuals With Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study.Journal of neurotrauma · 2024Trial
- Predictive Equation for Peak Heart Rate and First Ventilatory Threshold Heart Rate in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease.Cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- The feasibility and effect of a peer-facilitated, remote handcycling sport program for aging adults with spinal cord injury or disease: a mixed methods case series.Spinal cord series and cases · 2025Article
- Exploratory analysis of the accuracy of age-based maximal heart rate equations across cardiorespiratory fitness levels.PloS one · 2025Article
- A generalized equation for predicting peak oxygen consumption during treadmill exercise testing: mitigating the bias from total body mass scaling.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Validity of the Maximal Heart Rate Prediction Models among Runners and Cyclists.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Estimation methods to detect changes in cardiorespiratory fitness due to exercise training and subsequent detraining.European journal of applied physiology · 2023Article
- Improved VOJournal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Characterization of the blood pressure response during cycle ergometer cardiopulmonary exercise testing in black and white men : Data from the Fitness Registry and Importance of Exercise: A National Database (FRIEND).Journal of human hypertension · 2021Article
- Temporal evolution of neurovascular coupling recovery following moderate- and high-intensity exercise.Physiological reports · 2021Article
- The effect of acute, moderate intensity indoor cycling on the temporal resolution of human vision system, measured by critical fusion frequency.Physiological reports · 2020Article
- The Contribution of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to the Understanding of the Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Cognition.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Accuracy of Commonly Used Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Equations.International journal of exercise science · 2020Article
- Exercise Testing and Exercise Rehabilitation for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention · 2019Review
- Cardiopulmonary Responses During Clinical and Laboratory Gait Assessments in People With Chronic Stroke.Physical therapy · 2019Observational
- Dose-Response Matters! - A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise-Cognition Research.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- Exercise Testing in Sports Medicine.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionDespite high error ranges, age-predicted maximal heart rate (APMHR) is frequently used to gauge the achievement of adequate effort during an exercise test. The current analysis revisits this issue using the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise: National Database (FRIEND Registry).
methodsA total of 4,796 (63% male) apparently healthy subjects underwent a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill. The mean age, maximal heart rate (HR), and maximal aerobic capacity of the cohort were 43 ± 12 years, 178 ± 15 beats per minute, and 36.1 ± 10.6 mlO2 · kg(-1) · min(-1), respectively. All subjects reached or surpassed a peak respiratory exchange ratio of 1.10. A linear regression equation using age to predict maximal HR was validated in 3,796 subjects and cross-validated in the remaining 1,000 (randomly assigned).
resultsThe APMHR equation in the validation cohort was as follows: 209.3 - 0.72(age). The r value and standard error of estimate for this regression was 0.61 (P < .001) and 11.35 beats/min, respectively. A 1-sample t test revealed that the mean difference between actual maximal HR and APMHR was not significantly different from 0 (mean difference = 0.32, P = .43). However, Bland-Altman revealed high limits of agreement (upper 25.31 and lower -24.67) and a significant proportional bias. DISCUSSION: The APMHR equation derived from this analysis included a large cohort of apparently healthy individuals with maximal exercise effort validated by the criterion standard (ie, peak respiratory exchange ratio). Using APMHR in this capacity should be discouraged, and new approaches to gauging an individual's exercise effort should be explored.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.