ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2016
Use of a Chagas Urine Nanoparticle Test (Chunap) to Correlate with Parasitemia Levels in T. cruzi/HIV Co-infected Patients.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- The epidemiology and clinical features of HIV and Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) co-infection: A systematic review and individual patient data analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Chagas Disease: An Opportunistic Infection in AIDS.Current infectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Chagas disease in immunocompromised patients.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Persistent Biofluid Small-Molecule Alterations Induced byACS infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Persistent biofluid small molecule alterations induced bybioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Parasitological, serological and molecular diagnosis of acute and chronic Chagas disease: from field to laboratory.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2022Article
- Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease: Is there hope in nanotechnology to fight neglected tropical diseases?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Chagas Disease in People with HIV: A Narrative Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Review
- Clinical profile and mortality in patients with T. cruzi/HIV co-infection from the multicenter data base of the "Network for healthcare and study of Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV co-infection and other immunosuppression conditions".PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Detection of toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV positive patients in urine with hydrogel nanoparticles.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Evaluation of pathogen specific urinary peptides in tick-borne illnesses.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Tissue Parasites in HIV Infection.Current infectious disease reports · 2019Review
- Analysis of the Babesia microti proteome in infected red blood cells by a combination of nanotechnology and mass spectrometry.International journal for parasitology · 2019Article
- Affinity enrichment for mass spectrometry: improving the yield of low abundance biomarkers.Expert review of proteomics · 2018Article
- Toward detection of toxoplasmosis from urine in mice using hydro-gel nanoparticles concentration and parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2018Article
- Urine lipoarabinomannan glycan in HIV-negative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis correlates with disease severity.Science translational medicine · 2017Article
- Polyclonal antibodies for the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi circulating antigens.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Chagas Disease Diagnostic Applications: Present Knowledge and Future Steps.Advances in parasitology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 11 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEarly diagnosis of reactivated Chagas disease in HIV patients could be lifesaving. In Latin America, the diagnosis is made by microscopical detection of the T. cruzi parasite in the blood; a diagnostic test that lacks sensitivity. This study evaluates if levels of T. cruzi antigens in urine, determined by Chunap (Chagas urine nanoparticle test), are correlated with parasitemia levels in T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsT. cruzi antigens in urine of HIV patients (N = 55: 31 T. cruzi infected and 24 T. cruzi serology negative) were concentrated using hydrogel particles and quantified by Western Blot and a calibration curve. Reactivation of Chagas disease was defined by the observation of parasites in blood by microscopy. Parasitemia levels in patients with serology positive for Chagas disease were classified as follows: High parasitemia or reactivation of Chagas disease (detectable parasitemia by microscopy), moderate parasitemia (undetectable by microscopy but detectable by qPCR), and negative parasitemia (undetectable by microscopy and qPCR). The percentage of positive results detected by Chunap was: 100% (7/7) in cases of reactivation, 91.7% (11/12) in cases of moderate parasitemia, and 41.7% (5/12) in cases of negative parasitemia. Chunap specificity was found to be 91.7%. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a direct relationship between parasitemia levels and urine T. cruzi antigen concentrations (p<0.001). A cut-off of > 105 pg was chosen to determine patients with reactivation of Chagas disease (7/7). Antigenuria levels were 36.08 times (95% CI: 7.28 to 64.88) higher in patients with CD4+ lymphocyte counts below 200/mL (p = 0.016). No significant differences were found in HIV loads and CD8+ lymphocyte counts.
conclusionChunap shows potential for early detection of Chagas reactivation. With appropriate adaptation, this diagnostic test can be used to monitor Chagas disease status in T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients.
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