ArticleOncotarget2016
GDF11/BMP11 activates both smad1/5/8 and smad2/3 signals but shows no significant effect on proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impacts of systemic milieu on cerebrovascular and brain aging: insights from heterochronic parabiosis, blood exchange, and plasma transfer experiments.GeroScience · 2025Review
- GDF-11 downregulates placental human chorionic gonadotropin expression by activating SMAD2/3 signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Article
- Deficiency of GDF-11 Accelerates TAC-Induced Heart Failure by Impairing Cardiac Angiogenesis.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2023Article
- GDF11 promotes wound healing in diabetic mice via stimulating HIF-1ɑ-VEGF/SDF-1ɑ-mediated endothelial progenitor cell mobilization and neovascularization.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2023Article
- GDF11 inhibits adipogenesis of human adipose-derived stromal cells through ALK5/KLF15/β-catenin/PPARγ cascade.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Growth differentiation factor 11 delivered by dairyFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- GDF11 Regulates PC12 Neural Stem Cells via ALK5-Dependent PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate agingAnnals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- GDF-11 promotes human trophoblast cell invasion by increasing ID2-mediated MMP2 expression.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Article
- Growth differentiation factor-11 downregulates steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression through ALK5-mediated SMAD3 signaling pathway in human granulosa-lutein cells.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2022Article
- Novel myostatin-specific antibody enhances muscle strength in muscle disease models.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of GDF11 and myostatin.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2020Review
- GDF11 promotes osteogenesis as opposed to MSTN, and follistatin, a MSTN/GDF11 inhibitor, increases muscle mass but weakens bone.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Decreased Plasma Levels of Growth Differentiation Factor 11 in Patients With Schizophrenia: Correlation With Psychopathology and Cognition.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Growth differentiation factor 11 locally controls anterior-posterior patterning of the axial skeleton.Journal of cellular physiology · 2019Article
- Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry quantitatively analyses microvascular density (MVD) and the roles of TGF-β signalling in orchestrating angiogenesis in colorectal cancer.Translational cancer research · 2019Article
- Inhibitory effects of growth differentiation factor 11 on autophagy deficiency-induced dedifferentiation of arterial smooth muscle cells.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2019Article
- GDF11 Implications in Cancer Biology and Metabolism. Facts and Controversies.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Review
- GDF11 induces kidney fibrosis, renal cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and kidney dysfunction and failure.Surgery · 2018Article
- GDF11/BMP11 as a novel tumor marker for liver cancer.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
GDF11/BMP11, a member of TGF-β superfamily, was reported to rejuvenate heart, skeletal muscle and blood vessel architecture in aged mice. However, the rejuvenative effects of GDF11 were questioned recently. Here, we investigated the effects of GDF11 on smad and non-smad signals in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the effects of GDF11 on proliferation and migration of HUVECs and primary rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). GDF11 factor purchased from two different companies (PeproTech and R&D Systems) was comparatively studied. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions. The cell viability and migration were examined by using MTT and wound healing assays. Results showed that GDF11 activated both smad1/5/8 and smad2/3 signals in HUVECs. GDF11 increased protein expression of NADPH oxidase 4(NOX4) in HUVECs. GDF11 showed no significant effect on the protein level of p38, p-p38, ERK, p-ERK, Akt, p-Akt (Ser473) and p-Akt(Thr308), but increased the protein level of p-JNK and p-AMPK in HUVECs, and these increases were inhibited by antioxidant mitoTEMPO treatment. GDF11 slightly increased cell viability after short-term treatment and slightly decreased cell viability after long-term treatment. GDF11 showed no significant effect on cell proliferation and migration. These data indicated that the notion of GDF11 as a rejuvenation-related factor for endothelial cells needs to be cautious.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.