Trial reportAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2016
The Impact of Smoking Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes on Alcohol Use.
Trial report in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01681875 (Project 1, Study 1), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Project 1, Study 1: Investigating the Impact of Nicotine Using Spectrum Cigarettes
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulatory Approaches and Implementation of Minimally Addictive Combusted Products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Pooled it
- Nicotine Reduction in Cigarettes: Literature Review and Gap Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Pooled it
- Cigarette smoking and cognitive task performance: Experimental effects of very-low nicotine-content cigarettes.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Effect of very low nicotine content cigarettes on alcohol drinking and smoking among adult smokers who are at-risk alcohol drinkers.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Potential effects of nicotine content in cigarettes on use of other substances.Preventive medicine · 2022Trial
- An Evaluation of Potential Unintended Consequences of a Nicotine Product Standard: A Focus on Drinking History and Outcomes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Trial
- Evaluation of a reduced nicotine product standard: Moderating effects of and impact on cannabis use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Trial
- Assessment of ethanol and nicotine interactions using a reinforcer demand modeling with grouped and individual levels of analyses in a long-access self-administration model using male rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Addiction-Related Outcomes of Nicotine and Alcohol Co-use: New Insights Following the Rise in Vaping.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Review
- Smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking: chemical mechanisms and cancer prevention.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2022Review
- A review of the evidence on cigarettes with reduced addictiveness potential.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Review
- Risk Perceptions of Low Nicotine Cigarettes and Alternative Nicotine Products across Priority Smoking Populations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Tobacco harm reduction: Past history, current controversies and a proposed approach for the future.Preventive medicine · 2020Review
- Young adult dual combusted cigarette and e-cigarette users' anticipated responses to a nicotine reduction policy and menthol ban in combusted cigarettes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- How Will Alcohol Research be Impacted by Future Reduction in Nicotine Content in Cigarettes?Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2018Article
- Acceptability of SPECTRUM Research Cigarettes among Participants in Trials of Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes.Tobacco regulatory science · 2018Article
- An overview of alcohol and tobacco/nicotine interactions in the human laboratory.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2017Review
- The Potential Impact of a Low Nicotine Product Standard for Cigarettes in Smokers Living With HIV.The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANACArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundReducing the nicotine content in cigarettes could improve public health by reducing smoking and toxicant exposure, but may also have unintended consequences on alcohol use. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes on alcohol outcomes. The secondary aim was to examine whether the effects of these cigarettes on alcohol outcomes were mediated by changes in nicotine exposure, smoking behavior, or withdrawal.
methodsBetween June 2013 and July 2014, we conducted a 7-arm, double-blind, randomized clinical trial at 10 U.S.-based sites. Daily smokers not currently interested in quitting (n = 839) were assigned to equally sized groups to smoke for 6 weeks cigarettes containing either normal nicotine content (NNC; 15.8 mg/g, 9 mg tar), moderate nicotine content (5.2 mg/g nicotine, 9 mg tar), or very low nicotine content (VLNC; 0.4 to 2.4 mg/g, 9 to 13 mg tar). This investigation focused on a subsample of current drinkers (n = 403). Each reduced nicotine content cigarette condition was compared to the NNC control condition with respect to trajectories over the 6-week period of average daily alcohol use and occurrence of binge drinking. Moderating variables were considered. Mediation analyses tested potential explanatory processes including changes in nicotine exposure, cigarettes per day, and withdrawal.
resultsOver time, reduced nicotine exposure and smoking rate mediated effects of VLNC cigarette use on reduced alcohol use. There was no evidence of compensatory drinking in response to nicotine reduction or nicotine withdrawal, even among subgroups expected to be at greater risk (e.g., relatively heavier drinkers, highly nicotine-dependent individuals).
conclusionsThe findings suggest that compensatory drinking is unlikely to occur in response to switching to VLNC cigarettes. In contrast, reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes may reduce alcohol use (clinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01681875).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.