Trial reportCirculation2016
Incorporating a Genetic Risk Score Into Coronary Heart Disease Risk Estimates: Effect on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels (the MI-GENES Clinical Trial).
4 registry-linked trialsAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in Circulation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 165 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
165citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Myocardial Infarction Genes (MI-GENES) Study - Using Genomic Data to Refine Risk Assessment for Heart Attack
Pragmatic Randomized Trial of Polygenic Risk Scoring for Common Diseases in Primary Care
NCT07039123 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation
Polygenic Risk Score to Optimize Primary Prevention in Intermediate Risk Population (PERSONAL)
Rapid Engagement for Solutions to Population and Outcomes Through Networked Dialogue (RESPOND) to Coronary Heart Disease
Who cites it
165 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Are There Any Effective Behavior Change Strategies for Communicating Genetic Risk in Obesity Prevention and Body Weight Reduction Interventions?Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Associations Between Polygenic Risk Score for Blood Pressure and Risk of Hypertension in Northeast Asian Individuals.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Pooled it
- Do Personalized Nutrition Interventions Improve Dietary Intake and Risk Factors in Adults With Elevated Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacogenomic scores in psychiatry: systematic review of current evidence.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- The clinical utility of polygenic risk scores in genomic medicine practices: a systematic review.Human genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Does Personalized Nutrition Advice Improve Dietary Intake in Healthy Adults? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Behavioral impact of return of genetic test results for complex disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2018Pooled it
- Identification of 64 Novel Genetic Loci Provides an Expanded View on the Genetic Architecture of Coronary Artery Disease.Circulation research · 2018Pooled it
- Polygenic Risk Score Identifies Subgroup With Higher Burden of Atherosclerosis and Greater Relative Benefit From Statin Therapy in the Primary Prevention Setting.Circulation · 2017 · on this mapPooled it
- Risk scoring for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Polygenic Risk Based Detection and Treatment of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in the PROACT Clinical Trials.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026Trial
- Opportunistic Genomic Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolemia to Improve Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Effect of communicating phenotypic and genetic risk of coronary heart disease alongside web-based lifestyle advice: the INFORM Randomised Controlled Trial.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Genetic Tools for Coronary Risk Assessment in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study From the ACCORD Clinical Trial.Diabetes care · 2018Trial
- Motivation, Perception, and Treatment Beliefs in the Myocardial Infarction Genes (MI-GENES) Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of genetic counseling · 2017Trial
- Shared decision-making following disclosure of coronary heart disease genetic risk: results from a randomized clinical trial.Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research · 2017Trial
- Lifestyle Advice Combined with Personalized Estimates of Genetic or Phenotypic Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, and Objectively Measured Physical Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.PLoS medicine · 2016Trial
- Development and Validation of a Clinical Polygenic Risk Report in U.S.-Based Health Systems for 8 Cardiovascular Conditions.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Inherited risk of coronary artery disease: redefining care with imaging and genetics.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
105 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Iftikhar J KulloFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.). Kullo.Iftikhar@mayo.edu.
Hayan JouniFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.).
Erin E AustinFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.).
Sherry-Ann BrownFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.).
Teresa M KruisselbrinkFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.).
Iyad N IssehFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.).
Raad A HaddadFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.).
Tariq S MarroushFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.).
Khader ShameerFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.).
Janet E OlsonFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.).
Ulrich BroeckelFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.).
Robert C GreenFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.).
Daniel J SchaidFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.).
Victor M MontoriFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.).
Kent R BaileyFrom the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (I.J.K., H.J., E.E.A., S.-A.B., T.M.K., I.N.I., R.A.H., T.S.M., K.S.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.E.O., D.J.S., K.R.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (U.B.); Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.C.G.); and Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.M.M.).
Funding
Mayo Clinic Center for Translational Science ActivitiesUL1TR000135 · NCATS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI KHOSLA, SUNDEEP · 2012 to 2015
$41.2MGenomic Basis of Susceptibility to COVID-19 Infection and its ComplicationsU01HG006379 · NHGRI · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Richard R. Sharp · 2011 to 2026
$16.5MIntegration of Whole Genome Sequencing into Clinical MedicineU01HG006500 · NHGRI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI GREEN, ROBERT C. · 2012 to 2016
$11.5MEMR Phenotypes and Community Engaged Genomic AssociationsU01HG004599 · NHGRI · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI CHUTE, CHRISTOPHER G · 2007 to 2010
$3.7MNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000135NCATS NIH HHS UL1TR000135NHGRI NIH HHS HG006379NHGRI NIH HHS HG006500NHGRI NIH HHS HG04599NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004599NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG006379NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG006500
Abstract
backgroundWhether knowledge of genetic risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) affects health-related outcomes is unknown. We investigated whether incorporating a genetic risk score (GRS) in CHD risk estimates lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. METHODS AND
resultsParticipants (n=203, 45-65 years of age, at intermediate risk for CHD, and not on statins) were randomly assigned to receive their 10-year probability of CHD based either on a conventional risk score (CRS) or CRS + GRS ((+)GRS). Participants in the (+)GRS group were stratified as having high or average/low GRS. Risk was disclosed by a genetic counselor followed by shared decision making regarding statin therapy with a physician. We compared the primary end point of LDL-C levels at 6 months and assessed whether any differences were attributable to changes in dietary fat intake, physical activity levels, or statin use. Participants (mean age, 59.4±5 years; 48% men; mean 10-year CHD risk, 8.5±4.1%) were allocated to receive either CRS (n=100) or (+)GRS (n=103). At the end of the study period, the (+)GRS group had a lower LDL-C than the CRS group (96.5±32.7 versus 105.9±33.3 mg/dL; P=0.04). Participants with high GRS had lower LDL-C levels (92.3±32.9 mg/dL) than CRS participants (P=0.02) but not participants with low GRS (100.9±32.2 mg/dL; P=0.18). Statins were initiated more often in the (+)GRS group than in the CRS group (39% versus 22%, P<0.01). No significant differences in dietary fat intake and physical activity levels were noted.
conclusionsDisclosure of CHD risk estimates that incorporated genetic risk information led to lower LDL-C levels than disclosure of CHD risk based on conventional risk factors alone. CLINICAL
trial registrationURL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01936675.
Indexed as
AgedAnxietyCholesterol, LDLComorbidityCoronary DiseaseDecision MakingDietary FatsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGenetic CounselingGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenotypeHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsMaleMiddle AgedCholesterol, LDLDietary FatsHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitorscoronary diseasegenetic risk disclosuregenetic risk scoregenomicshydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitorspolymorphism, single-nucleotideprevention & controlrandomized clinical trials
Identifiers
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Registered trials
NCT01936675ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04331535ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07039123ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07260552ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.