ReviewCell death and differentiation2016
Phosphatidylserine is a global immunosuppressive signal in efferocytosis, infectious disease, and cancer.
Review in Cell death and differentiation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04150900 (1922GCCC), which is not on this map. Cited by 421 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
1922gccc: phase 2 study of pembrolizumab and bavituximab for progressive recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Who cites it
421 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 712 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Targeting Phosphatidylserine in Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinomas: A Phase 2 Trial of Bavituximab Plus Pembrolizumab with Biomarker-Correlated Outcomes.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Trial
- The phosphatidylserine targeting antibody bavituximab plus pembrolizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase 2 trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Cell surface remodeling caused by the loss of the flippase subunit TMEM30A in immune cells.Journal of cell science · 2026Article
- AXL at the nexus of therapeutic resistance, tumor vascularization, and immune evasion in cancer.iScience · 2026Review
- Ultrasound-Activated Nanoinhibitors Blocking the Chemo-Immune Checkpoint to Overcome Chemotherapy-Induced Immune Resistance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The multifaceted significance of phosphoinositides in endocytic trafficking.FEBS letters · 2026Review
- Restricting efferocytosis pathway to CD91 via phosphatidylserine-targeting chimeric protein augments antitumor immune responses.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Erythrocyte-inspired biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy: Integration within the cancer-immunity cycle.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Nanomaterial-driven modulation of lipid metabolism: Novel strategies toward precision obesity treatment.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- The Xkr protein family-From apoptosis executors to diverse physiological functions regulators.FEBS letters · 2026Review
- Low-intensity stimulation drives macrophage efferocytosis via ACSL4 lipid remodeling and CCL9-CCR1 signaling for tendon-bone healing.Science advances · 2026Article
- First-in-human study of lomvastomig, a PD-1-TIM-3 bispecific antibody, in patients with advanced and/or metastatic solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Surface cues shape procoagulant properties of amyloidogenic microclots.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Apoptotic-mimetic nanovesicles orchestrate immune-vascular-osteogenic crosstalk for critical-sized craniofacial bone regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Integrated proteogenomic and metabolomic profiling of acute myeloid leukemias to identify molecular subtypes and associated therapy targets.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Apoptotic-Cell Accumulation and Mertk Expression Are Linked to Diminished Antiviral CD8Immune network · 2026Article
- Article
- Harnessing extracellular vesicles for stabilized and functional IL-10 delivery in macrophage immunomodulation.Extracellular vesicle · 2026Article
- Four subtypes of disease-causing missense mutations underlie pathogenic protein interactions in neurodegenerative VPS13A disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
361 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved and tightly regulated cell death modality. It serves important roles in physiology by sculpting complex tissues during embryogenesis and by removing effete cells that have reached advanced age or whose genomes have been irreparably damaged. Apoptosis culminates in the rapid and decisive removal of cell corpses by efferocytosis, a term used to distinguish the engulfment of apoptotic cells from other phagocytic processes. Over the past decades, the molecular and cell biological events associated with efferocytosis have been rigorously studied, and many eat-me signals and receptors have been identified. The externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) is arguably the most emblematic eat-me signal that is in turn bound by a large number of serum proteins and opsonins that facilitate efferocytosis. Under physiological conditions, externalized PS functions as a dominant and evolutionarily conserved immunosuppressive signal that promotes tolerance and prevents local and systemic immune activation. Pathologically, the innate immunosuppressive effect of externalized PS has been hijacked by numerous viruses, microorganisms, and parasites to facilitate infection, and in many cases, establish infection latency. PS is also profoundly dysregulated in the tumor microenvironment and antagonizes the development of tumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the biology of PS with respect to its role as a global immunosuppressive signal and how PS is exploited to drive diverse pathological processes such as infection and cancer. Finally, we outline the rationale that agents targeting PS could have significant value in cancer and infectious disease therapeutics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.