ReviewFrontiers in immunology2016
Biophysical Aspects of T Lymphocyte Activation at the Immune Synapse.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanical Microenvironment in Tumor Immune Evasion: Bidirectional Regulation Between Matrix Stiffness and Immune Cells and Its Therapeutic Implications.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- A Hidden Checkpoint: Bidirectional pH Remodeling of the Immunological Synapse in Cancer, Methods, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- B cell mechanobiology in health and disease: emerging techniques and insights into therapeutic responses.FEBS letters · 2025Review
- Synthetic Biology and Biomaterials Strategies to Deceive the Tumor Microenvironment in CAR-T Immunotherapy.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Review
- Simvastatin Combined with CpG Enhances the Immunogenicity of the H9N2 Inactivated Vaccine.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- CD4+T-cells create a stable mechanical environment for force-sensitive TCR:pMHC interactions.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Immunological synapse: structures, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Naringenin as a phytogenic adjuvant systematically enhances the protective efficacy of H9N2 inactivated vaccine through coordinated innate-adaptive immune priming in chickens.Poultry science · 2025Article
- Mannose and Lactobionic Acid in Nasal Vaccination: Enhancing Antigen Delivery via C-Type Lectin Receptors.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- PD1 inhibits PKCθ-dependent phosphorylation of cytoskeleton-related proteins and immune synapse formation.Blood advances · 2024Article
- Probing mechanical interaction of immune receptors and cytoskeleton by membrane nanotube extraction.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Systemic Delivery of mPEG-Masked Trispecific T-Cell Nanoengagers in Synergy with STING Agonists Overcomes Immunotherapy Resistance in TNBC and Generates a Vaccination Effect.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Understanding immune signaling using advanced imaging techniques.Biochemical Society transactions · 2022Review
- Vesicular traffic-mediated cell-to-cell signaling at the immune synapse in Ankylosing Spondylitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Mechanosurveillance: Tiptoeing T Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Bioengineering tools for probing intracellular events in T lymphocytes.WIREs mechanisms of disease · 2021Review
- Rapid viscoelastic changes are a hallmark of early leukocyte activation.Biophysical journal · 2021Article
- The CAR T-Cell Mechanoimmunology at a Glance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2020Review
- Modulating T Cell Activation Using Depth Sensing Topographic Cues.Advanced biosystems · 2020Article
- Spatiotemporal Regulation of Signaling: Focus on T Cell Activation and the Immunological Synapse.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
T lymphocyte activation is a pivotal step of the adaptive immune response. It requires the recognition by T-cell receptors (TCR) of peptides presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex molecules (pMHC) present at the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). T lymphocyte activation also involves engagement of costimulatory receptors and adhesion molecules recognizing ligands on the APC. Integration of these different signals requires the formation of a specialized dynamic structure: the immune synapse. While the biochemical and molecular aspects of this cell-cell communication have been extensively studied, its mechanical features have only recently been addressed. Yet, the immune synapse is also the place of exchange of mechanical signals. Receptors engaged on the T lymphocyte surface are submitted to many tensile and traction forces. These forces are generated by various phenomena: membrane undulation/protrusion/retraction, cell mobility or spreading, and dynamic remodeling of the actomyosin cytoskeleton inside the T lymphocyte. Moreover, the TCR can both induce force development, following triggering, and sense and convert forces into biochemical signals, as a bona fide mechanotransducer. Other costimulatory molecules, such as LFA-1, engaged during immune synapse formation, also display these features. Moreover, T lymphocytes themselves are mechanosensitive, since substrate stiffness can modulate their response. In this review, we will summarize recent studies from a biophysical perspective to explain how mechanical cues can affect T lymphocyte activation. We will particularly discuss how forces are generated during immune synapse formation; how these forces affect various aspects of T lymphocyte biology; and what are the key features of T lymphocyte response to stiffness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.