ReviewFrontiers in immunology2016
Early Components of the Complement Classical Activation Pathway in Human Systemic Autoimmune Diseases.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05193591 (Evaluation of Anti-C1s, Anti-HMGB1 and Anti-C1q Autoantibodies in the Pathogenesis for Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus), which is not on this map. Cited by 95 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of Anti-C1s, Anti-HMGB1 and Anti-C1q Autoantibodies in the Pathogenesis for Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
- First-in-human study with SAR445088: A novel selective classical complement pathway inhibitor.Clinical and translational science · 2023Trial
- A Randomized, First-in-Human, Healthy Volunteer Trial of sutimlimab, a Humanized Antibody for the Specific Inhibition of the Classical Complement Pathway.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2018Trial
- Effects of a Carob-Pod-Derived Sweetener on Glucose Metabolism.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Blockade of HLA Antibody-Triggered Classical Complement Activation in Sera From Subjects Dosed With the Anti-C1s Monoclonal Antibody TNT009-Results from a Randomized First-in-Human Phase 1 Trial.Transplantation · 2017Trial
- Immune dysregulation and epileptogenesis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Predictors of using biologics within one year after EEN therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Direct Quantification of Complement Biomarkers Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Cytomegalovirus-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis revealing systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Insights into the pathogenesis of childhood-onset SLE in the past decade.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- IgM Anti-Ganglioside Binding and Complement Activation in an iPSC-Derived Motor Neuron Model for Multifocal Motor Neuropathy.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Serum complement system activation in normal healing and atrophic non-union of human long bone fractures.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Structural insights into C3 convertase activity of the classical pathway of complement.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Type I IFN receptor blockade by anifrolumab reduces cutaneous lupus in monogenic SLE.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2025Article
- Stage-dependent proteomic alterations in aqueous humor of diabetic retinopathy patients based on data-independent acquisition and parallel reaction monitoring.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- How (Ultra-)Rare Gene Variants Improve Our Understanding of More Common Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Review
- Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin modulates coagulation- and complement-related pathways in COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of rheumatoid factor in asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B surface carriers in the context of endemic malaria: cross-sectional study at University Hospital of Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Th2 predominance and decreased NK cells in patients with hereditary angioedema.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Complement System.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Monogenic lupus - from gene to targeted therapy.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2024Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The complement system consists of effector proteins, regulators, and receptors that participate in host defense against pathogens. Activation of the complement system, via the classical pathway (CP), has long been recognized in immune complex-mediated tissue injury, most notably systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Paradoxically, a complete deficiency of an early component of the CP, as evidenced by homozygous genetic deficiencies reported in human, are strongly associated with the risk of developing SLE or a lupus-like disease. Similarly, isotype deficiency attributable to a gene copy-number (GCN) variation and/or the presence of autoantibodies directed against a CP component or a regulatory protein that result in an acquired deficiency are relatively common in SLE patients. Applying accurate assay methodologies with rigorous data validations, low GCNs of total C4, and heterozygous and homozygous deficiencies of C4A have been shown as medium to large effect size risk factors, while high copy numbers of total C4 or C4A as prevalent protective factors, of European and East-Asian SLE. Here, we summarize the current knowledge related to genetic deficiency and insufficiency, and acquired protein deficiencies for C1q, C1r, C1s, C4A/C4B, and C2 in disease pathogenesis and prognosis of SLE, and, briefly, for other systemic autoimmune diseases. As the complement system is increasingly found to be associated with autoimmune diseases and immune-mediated diseases, it has become an attractive therapeutic target. We highlight the recent developments and offer a balanced perspective concerning future investigations and therapeutic applications with a focus on early components of the CP in human systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.