ReviewBrain : a journal of neurology2016
Immunosenescence of microglia and macrophages: impact on the ageing central nervous system.
Review in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 152 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 254 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral immune function and Alzheimer's disease: a living systematic review and critical appraisal.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Anti-inflammatory phytochemicals from medicinal herbs based on senoinflammation schema for healthy aging.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Review
- Associations between immunosenescence and domain-specific cognition in the Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol.BMC biology · 2026Article
- Patterns of transcriptomic aging in the hippocampus of rhesus macaques highlight midlife transitions.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Exploring Sex Differences in Stroke Outcomes: A Comprehensive Analysis From the SPAN 1 Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Neonatal Hyperoxia Induces Metabolic Reprogramming in Senescent Alveolar Macrophages, Leading to Persistent Lung Injury.Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) · 2026Article
- Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in brain aging: from mitochondrial dysfunction to inflammaging.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Astrocyte-specific deletion of ceruloplasmin exacerbates oxidative stress and demyelination in the spinal cord in a murine model of multiple sclerosis.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Article
- Clinical, functional and cognitive features of late-onset multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Microglial States Are Susceptible to Senescence and Cholesterol Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Early CSF inflammatory markers after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and their relationship to disease severity and shunt placement.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2025Article
- Emerging Role of Oligodendrocytes Malfunction in the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Review
- Spinal Cord Injury and Ageing: The Role of Chronic Neuroinflammation.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Article
- β-hydroxybutyrylation and O-GlcNAc modifications of STAT1 modulate antiviral defense in aging.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- FKBP51 inhibition ameliorates neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction in the neuromelanin-SNCA mouse model of Parkinson's disease.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Aging, cellular senescence and Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- Ageing-associated gut dysbiosis deteriorates mouse cognition.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
- Exosome-based targeted delivery of NF-κB ameliorates age-related neuroinflammation in the aged mouse brain.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Age-associated microglial transcriptome leads to diminished immunogenicity and dysregulation of MCT4 and P2RY12/P2RY13 related functions.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ageing of the central nervous system results in a loss of both grey and white matter, leading to cognitive decline. Additional injury to both the grey and white matter is documented in many neurological disorders with ageing, including Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Accompanying neuronal and glial damage is an inflammatory response consisting of activated macrophages and microglia, innate immune cells demonstrated to be both beneficial and detrimental in neurological repair. This article will propose the following: (i) infiltrating macrophages age differently from central nervous system-intrinsic microglia; (ii) several mechanisms underlie the differential ageing process of these two distinct cell types; and (iii) therapeutic strategies that selectively target these diverse mechanisms may rejuvenate macrophages and microglia for repair in the ageing central nervous system. Most responses of macrophages are diminished with senescence, but activated microglia increase their expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines while diminishing chemotactic and phagocytic activities. The senescence of macrophages and microglia has a negative impact on several neurological diseases, and the mechanisms underlying their age-dependent phenotypic changes vary from extrinsic microenvironmental changes to intrinsic changes in genomic integrity. We discuss the negative effects of age on neurological diseases, examine the response of senescent macrophages and microglia in these conditions, and propose a theoretical framework of therapeutic strategies that target the different mechanisms contributing to the ageing phenotype in these two distinct cell types. Rejuvenation of ageing macrophage/microglia may preserve neurological integrity and promote regeneration in the ageing central nervous system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.