ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2016
Visualizing antibody affinity maturation in germinal centers.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 285 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
285 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 486 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging protein degradation strategies: expanding the scope to extracellular and membrane proteins.Theranostics · 2021Pooled it
- Vaccine expression systems and maternal/neonatal factors: Impacts on hepatitis B immunization efficacy in preterm infants.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Evolutionary and structural pathways of antibody maturation reveal principles for engineering potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizers.Journal of structural biology: X · 2026Article
- Article
- A guide to B cell metabolism.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting T follicular helper cells for lifelong health.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Apoptotic Quality Control of Cellular Competence Limits Cryptic Germinal Center B Cell States.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Rapid Generation of High-Affinity Rabbit Anti-Mouse IgG Monoclonal Antibodies by High-Throughput Single-B-Cell Sorting and Recombinant Expression.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Germinal Center Selection and Plasma Cell Differentiation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- The Ratio of Immunogenicity: A quantitative metric to identify highly immunogenic protein antigens to improve tissue-engineered biomaterials.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Mechanisms Underlying the Induction of Immunological Imprinting by RNA Viruses and Intervention Strategies.Viruses · 2026Review
- Phased fragility and stability of non-genetic B cell states in the germinal center accelerate the genetic evolution of antibodies.Cell systems · 2026Article
- Egyptian rousette bat humoral immunity to H9 influenza hemagglutinin.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Clonal dynamics of germinal center refueling by secondary immunization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Infectious bursal disease virus suppresses humoral immunity via blocking antibody affinity maturation in chickens.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Chronic infection perturbs the affinity hierarchy of antiviral B cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Article
- Unifying non-Markovian dynamics and agent heterogeneity in scalable stochastic networks.Nature communications · 2026Article
225 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Antibodies somatically mutate to attain high affinity in germinal centers (GCs). There, competition between B cell clones and among somatic mutants of each clone drives an increase in average affinity across the population. The extent to which higher-affinity cells eliminating competitors restricts clonal diversity is unknown. By combining multiphoton microscopy and sequencing, we show that tens to hundreds of distinct B cell clones seed each GC and that GCs lose clonal diversity at widely disparate rates. Furthermore, efficient affinity maturation can occur in the absence of homogenizing selection, ensuring that many clones can mature in parallel within the same GC. Our findings have implications for development of vaccines in which antibodies with nonimmunodominant specificities must be elicited, as is the case for HIV-1 and influenza.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.