Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26912331›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2016

Bird ticks in Hungary reflect western, southern, eastern flyway connections and two genetic lineages of Ixodes frontalis and Haemaphysalis concinna.

S Hornok, B Flaisz, N Takács, J Kontschán, T Csörgő, Á Csipak, B R Jaksa, D Kováts

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Parasites & vectors, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Tick Diversity Associated with the European Brown Hare (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
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  7. Survey of tick-borne pathogens inCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025
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  8. Genetic and genomic variability ofISME communications · 2025
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  17. Description ofZooKeys · 2024
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  19. The presence ofmSphere · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

S HornokDepartment of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary. hornok.sandor@aotk.szie.hu.
B FlaiszDepartment of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary. flaisz.barbara@aotk.szie.hu.
N TakácsDepartment of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary. takacs.nora@aotk.szie.hu.
J KontschánPlant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. jkontschan@gmail.com.
T CsörgőDepartment of Anatomy, Cell- and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránt University, Budapest, Hungary. csorgo@elte.hu.
Á CsipakÓcsa Bird Ringing Station, Ócsa, Hungary. csipak.armin@gmail.com.
B R JaksaÓcsa Bird Ringing Station, Ócsa, Hungary. jaksabianka@hotmail.com.
D KovátsÓcsa Bird Ringing Station, Ócsa, Hungary. david.kovats@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBirds play an important role in short- and long-distance transportation of ticks and tick-borne pathogens. The aim of the present study was to provide comprehensive information on the species and genetic diversity of ixodid ticks transported by migratory and non-migratory bird species in Central Europe, and to evaluate relevant data in a geographical, as well as in an ecological context.

methodsDuring a three year period (2012-2014), altogether 3339 ixodid ticks were collected from 1167 passerine birds (representatives of 47 species) at ringing stations in Hungary. These ticks were identified, and the tick-infestations of bird species were compared according to various traits. In addition, PCR and sequencing of part of the cytochrome oxidase subunit-I (COI) and 16S rDNA genes were performed from representatives of five tick species.

resultsThe most abundant tick species found were Ixodes ricinus and Haemaphysalis concinna (with 2296 and 989 immature stages, respectively). In addition, 48 I. frontalis (all stages), three Hyalomma rufipes nymphs, one I. lividus and two I. festai females were collected. The majority of I. ricinus and I. frontalis specimens occurred on ground-feeding bird species, as contrasted to Ha. concinna. Hy. rufipes showed the highest degree of sequence identity to an Ethiopian hybrid of the same tick species. Based on both COI and 16S rDNA gene analyses, two genetic lineages of I. frontalis were recognized (with only 91.4 % identity in their partial COI gene). These were highly similar to South-Western European isolates of the same tick species. Phylogenetic analysis of Ha. concinna specimens collected from birds in Hungary also revealed two genetic lineages, one of which showed high (≥99 %) degree of 16S rDNA sequence identity to conspecific East Asian isolates.

conclusionsTwo genetic lineages of I. frontalis and Ha. concinna are transported by birds in Central Europe, which reflect a high degree of sequence identity to South-Western European and East Asian isolates of the same tick species, respectively. In addition, I. festai was collected for the first time in Hungary. These findings highlight the importance of western and eastern migratory connections by birds (in addition to the southern direction), which are also relevant to the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases.

Indexed as

Genetic VariationAnimalsBird DiseasesBirdsCluster AnalysisDNA, RibosomalElectron Transport Complex IVHungaryIxodidaePhylogenyRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSequence Analysis, DNATick InfestationsDNA, RibosomalElectron Transport Complex IVRNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Identifiers

PMID26912331
PMCPMC4765043

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.