ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2016
An Allometric Analysis of Sex and Sex Chromosome Dosage Effects on Subcortical Anatomy in Humans.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Demographic Composition of Participants in Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy Studies Across the Globe: A 20-Year Systematic Review.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2026Pooled it
- Influences of Brain Size, Sex, and Sex Chromosome Complement on the Architecture of Human Cortical Folding.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2017Trial
- Article
- Brain charts for neuroanatomical sex differences across the human lifespan.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Gonadal and sex chromosomal contributions to sex differences in mammalian brain organization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Pattern of Deep Grey Matter Undersizing Boosts MRI-Based Diagnostic Classifiers in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Brain structure in triple X syndrome: regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness in adult women with 47,XXX karyotype.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- Intracortical myelin across laminae in adult individuals with 47,XXX: a 7 Tesla MRI study.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Pain mechanisms in the transgender individual: a review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Resting-state functional connectivity in adults with 47,XXX: a 7 Tesla MRI study.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- A Cross-Species Neuroimaging Study of Sex Chromosome Dosage Effects on Human and Mouse Brain Anatomy.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Associations of psychiatric disorders with sex chromosome aneuploidies in the Danish iPSYCH2015 dataset: a case-cohort study.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2023Article
- Triple X syndrome: Psychiatric disorders and impaired social functioning as a risk factor.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2022Article
- Clinical, Cognitive and Neurodevelopmental Profile in Tetrasomies and Pentasomies: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Sex differences in the human brain: a roadmap for more careful analysis and interpretation of a biological reality.Biology of sex differences · 2022Article
- Neurogenesis in the neonatal rat hippocampus is regulated by sexually dimorphic epigenetic modifiers.Biology of sex differences · 2022Article
- Altered subcortical and cortical brain morphology in adult women with 47,XXX: a 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2022Article
- Translating the Transcriptome: Sex Differences in the Mechanisms of Depression and Stress, Revisited.Biological psychiatry · 2022Review
- FreeSurfer-based segmentation of hippocampal subfields: A review of methods and applications, with a novel quality control procedure for ENIGMA studies and other collaborative efforts.Human brain mapping · 2022Review
- A Patient with Moderate Intellectual Disability and 49, XXXYY Karyotype.International journal of general medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Structural neuroimaging of humans with typical and atypical sex-chromosome complements has established the marked influence of both Yand X-/Y-chromosome dosage on total brain volume (TBV) and identified potential cortical substrates for the psychiatric phenotypes associated with sex-chromosome aneuploidy (SCA). Here, in a cohort of 354 humans with varying karyotypes (XX, XY, XXX, XXY, XYY, XXYY, XXXXY), we investigate sex and SCA effects on subcortical size and shape; focusing on the striatum, pallidum and thalamus. We find large effect-size differences in the volume and shape of all three structures as a function of sex and SCA. We correct for TBV effects with a novel allometric method harnessing normative scaling rules for subcortical size and shape in humans, which we derive here for the first time. We show that all three subcortical volumes scale sublinearly with TBV among healthy humans, mirroring known relationships between subcortical volume and TBV among species. Traditional TBV correction methods assume linear scaling and can therefore invert or exaggerate sex and SCA effects on subcortical anatomy. Allometric analysis restricts sex-differences to: (1) greater pallidal volume (PV) in males, and (2) relative caudate head expansion and ventral striatum contraction in females. Allometric analysis of SCA reveals that supernumerary X- and Y-chromosomes both cause disproportionate reductions in PV, and coordinated deformations of striatopallidal shape. Our study provides a novel understanding of sex and sex-chromosome dosage effects on subcortical organization, using an allometric approach that can be generalized to other basic and clinical structural neuroimaging settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.