ArticlePsychopharmacology2016
Socially acquired nicotine self-administration with an aversive flavor cue in adolescent female rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical Evidence of the Effects of Sweet Flavors: Sweetness Increases Nicotine Intake and Seeking.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Article
- Jugular Vein Catheter Design and Cocaine Self-Administration Using Mice: A Comprehensive Method.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Social and anxiety-like behaviors contribute to nicotine self-administration in adolescent outbred rats.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Social learning promotes nicotine self-administration by facilitating the extinction of conditioned aversion in isogenic strains of rats.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Social context has differential effects on acquisition of nicotine self-administration in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleEstablishing a behavioral model for the effect of social environment on nicotine intake in rodents facilitates the investigation of molecular mechanisms critical for the interaction between social environment and cigarette smoking.
objectivesOur main objective was to test the hypothesis that nicotine is the primary reinforcer in the socially acquired nicotine intravenous self-administration (IVSA) model by using an aversive flavor cue.
methodsAdolescent female rats were placed in operant conditioning chambers equipped with two lickometers. Operant licking triggered concurrent deliveries of a flavor (i.e., taste and odor) cue containing either quinine or saccharin and an i.v. infusion (30 μg/kg nicotine or saline). An audiovisual cue was provided for some groups of rats. A second rat that did not receive nicotine was placed in the operant conditioning chambers to provide either a neutral or an inducing (i.e., by consuming the flavored solution) social environment. These two rats were separated by a divider that allowed orofacial interactions.
resultsRats acquired stable nicotine IVSA with either the aversive or the appetitive flavor cue in the inducing social environment, and obtained similar amounts of infusions. The neutral social environment did not support nicotine IVSA with either cue. The audiovisual cue per se did not support nicotine IVSA but enhanced nicotine intake. Nicotine increased the number of concurrent nose pokes by the two rats into the center divider, a measure of social interaction.
conclusionsDespite its aversive effects, nicotine is the primary reinforcer for the operant responses in the socially acquired nicotine IVSA model.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.