ReviewOncotarget2016
The multifaceted role of autophagy in tumor evasion from immune surveillance.
Review in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- An overview of autophagy inhibition as a potential clinical strategy in cancer therapy.Molecular pharmacology · 2025Review
- A Phase I Trial to Determine the Safety and Tolerability of Autophagy Inhibition Using Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine in Combination with Carboplatin and Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumorsced solid tumors.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Advancements in immunotherapy for colorectal cancer treatment: a comprehensive review of strategies, challenges, and future prospective.International journal of colorectal disease · 2024Review
- Mechanisms driving the immunoregulatory function of cancer cells.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2023Review
- Icaritin Derivative IC2 Induces Cytoprotective Autophagy of Breast Cancer Cells via SCD1 Inhibition.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Understanding autophagy role in cancer stem cell development.Molecular biology reports · 2022Review
- Cancer Stem Cells in Ovarian Cancer-A Source of Tumor Success and a Challenging Target for Novel Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Cancer Stem Cells: An Ever-Hiding Foe.Experientia supplementum (2012) · 2022Article
- Dissecting the Role of AXL in Cancer Immune Escape and Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Hepatitis B virus X Protein Promotes Liver Cancer Progression through Autophagy Induction in Response to TLR4 Stimulation.Immune network · 2021Article
- Review
- Innovative Approaches in the Battle Against Cancer Recurrence: Novel Strategies to Combat Dormant Disseminated Tumor Cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Targeting Cytoprotective Autophagy to Enhance Anticancer Therapies.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Effects of Cancer Stem Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Brain Metastasis: Challenges and Solutions.Cancers · 2020Review
- Merkel Cell Polyomavirus and Merkel Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2020Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell/Multipotent Stromal Cell Augmentation of Wound Healing: Lessons from the Physiology of Matrix and Hypoxia Support.The American journal of pathology · 2020Review
- Exosomes as a Surrogate Marker for Autophagy in Peripheral Blood, Correlative Data from Phase I Study of Chloroquine in Combination with Carboplatin/Gemcitabine in Advanced Solid Tumors.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2019Article
- Review
- Review
- Autophagy in breast cancer metastatic dormancy: Tumor suppressing or tumor promoting functions?Journal of cancer metastasis and treatment · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While autophagy is constitutively executed at basal level in all cells, it is activated in cancer cells in response to various microenvironmental stresses including hypoxia. It is now well established that autophagy can act both as tumor suppressor or tumor promoter. In this regard, several reports indicate that the tumor suppressor function of autophagy is associated with its ability to scavenge damaged oxidative organelles, thereby preventing the accumulation of toxic oxygen radicals and limiting the genome instability. Paradoxically, in developed tumors, autophagy can promote the survival of cancer cells and therefore operates as a cell resistance mechanism. The consensus appears to be that autophagy has a dual role in suppressing tumor initiation and in promoting the survival of established tumors. This has inspired significant interest in applying anti-autophagy therapies as an entirely new approach to cancer treatment. While much remains to be learned about the regulation and context-dependent biological role of autophagy, it is now well established that modulation of this process could be an attractive approach for the development of novel anticancer therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will summarize recent reports describing how tumor cells, by activating autophagy, manage to resist the immune cell attack. Data described in this review strongly argue that targeting autophagy may represent a conceptual realm for new immunotherapeutic strategies aiming to block the immune escape and therefore providing rational approach to future tumor immunotherapy design.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.