ArticlePloS one2016
Heavy Smoking Is More Strongly Associated with General Unhealthy Lifestyle than Obesity and Underweight.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
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- Identifying and predicting dietary patterns in the Dutch population using machine learning.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Preliminary reports of lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography: a nationwide performance on the Korean population in 2019-2020.European radiology · 2025Article
- Digital healthy eating literacy: its role in sustainable food choices and mediterranean diet adherence.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Influence of smoking on glycaemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring and its mediating role in the relationship between socioeconomic status and glycaemic control.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of mammography uptake among the women aged 45 years and above: policy implications from the longitudinal ageing study in India wave I survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Combined Effect of Smoking and Obesity on Hypertension: Implications for Clinical Management.Current hypertension reviews · 2025Review
- Body Mass Index and Weight Change as Predictors of Hypertension Development: A Sex-Specific Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Trends in underweight and severe underweight disparities in Korean adults and older adults: a nationwide, repeated cross-sectional study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Article
- Modeling the determinants of smoking behavior among young adults in Khuzestan province: a two-level count regression approach.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) Obtained from Smokers and Nonsmokers Shows a Similar Uniaxial Tensile Response In Vitro.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Smokers have increased risk of soft-tissue complications following primary elective TKA.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with waterpipe tobacco smoking among Iranian adults: a PERSIAN cohort-based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- The association between substance use and subsequent employment among students: prospective findings from the CONSTANCES cohort.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2023Article
- Perspective: Assessing Tolerance to Nondigestible Carbohydrate Consumption.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Association between smoking and glycemic control in men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a retrospective matched cohort study.Annals of medicine · 2022Article
- Seroepidemiology ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Effects of Smoking on the Gut Microbiota in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Atypical working hours are associated with tobacco, cannabis and alcohol use: longitudinal analyses from the CONSTANCES cohort.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking and obesity are major causes of non-communicable diseases. We investigated the associations of heavy smoking, obesity, and underweight with general lifestyle to infer which of these risk groups has the most unfavourable lifestyle.
methodsWe used data from the population-based cross-sectional Swiss Health Survey (5 rounds 1992-2012), comprising 85,575 individuals aged≥18 years. Height, weight, smoking, diet, alcohol intake and physical activity were self-reported. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to analyse differences in lifestyle between the combinations of body mass index (BMI) category and smoking status.
resultsCompared to normal-weight never smokers (reference), individuals who were normal-weight, obese, or underweight and smoked heavily at the same time had a poorer general lifestyle. The lifestyle of obese and underweight never smokers differed less from reference. Regardless of BMI category, in heavy smoking men and women the fruit and vegetable consumption was lower (e.g. obese heavy smoking men: relative risk ratio (RRR) 1.69 [95% confidence interval 1.30;2.21]) and high alcohol intake was more common (e.g. normal-weight heavy smoking women 5.51 [3.71;8.20]). In both sexes, physical inactivity was observed more often in heavy smokers and obese or underweight (e.g. underweight never smoking 1.29 [1.08;1.54] and heavy smoking women 2.02 [1.33;3.08]). A decrease of smoking prevalence was observed over time in normal-weight, but not in obese individuals.
conclusionsUnhealthy general lifestyle was associated with both heavy smoking and BMI extremes, but we observed a stronger association for heavy smoking. Future smoking prevention measures should pay attention to improvement of general lifestyle and co-occurrence with obesity and underweight.
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