ArticleFunctional & integrative genomics2016
Analysis of human breast milk cells: gene expression profiles during pregnancy, lactation, involution, and mastitic infection.
Article in Functional & integrative genomics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human milk: insights on cell composition, organoids and emerging applications.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- An RNA-sequencing analysis to determine potential upstream transcriptional regulators of essential amino acid deficiency responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Impact of lactation stage, maternal age, and parity on mammary epithelial cell populations in fresh milk.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Parity Influences the Immune Profile of Human Milk via Increased T Lymphocyte Content.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization of normal and aberrant human milk production.Science advances · 2025Article
- The Home as a Modulator of Milk Immunity: Association Between Domestic Factors and Immune Cell Populations in Human Breast Milk.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Gestational age at birth influences protein and RNA content in human milk extracellular vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Milk Transmission of Mammalian Retroviruses.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Non-coding RNA's prevalence as biomarkers for prognostic, diagnostic, and clinical utility in breast cancer.Functional & integrative genomics · 2023Review
- Lactation in the human.Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture · 2023Article
- Parental factors that impact the ecology of human mammary development, milk secretion, and milk composition-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 1.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Lactose on the basolateral side of mammary epithelial cells inhibits milk production concomitantly with signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 inactivation.Cell and tissue research · 2022Article
- Within- and between-Breed Selection Signatures in the Original and Improved Valachian Sheep.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Cellular and transcriptional diversity over the course of human lactation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Transcriptional changes in the mammary gland during lactation revealed by single cell sequencing of cells from human milk.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Resolving Human Lactation Heterogeneity Using Single Milk-Derived Cells, a Resource at the Ready.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2021Review
- Single Cell RNA Sequencing of Human Milk-Derived Cells Reveals Sub-Populations of Mammary Epithelial Cells with Molecular Signatures of Progenitor and Mature States: a Novel, Non-invasive Framework for Investigating Human Lactation Physiology.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2020Article
- Review
- Potential of Using Cell-Free DNA and miRNA in Breast Milk to Screen Early Breast Cancer.BioMed research international · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The molecular processes underlying human milk production and the effects of mastitic infection are largely unknown because of limitations in obtaining tissue samples. Determination of gene expression in normal lactating women would be a significant step toward understanding why some women display poor lactation outcomes. Here, we demonstrate the utility of RNA obtained directly from human milk cells to detect mammary epithelial cell (MEC)-specific gene expression. Milk cell RNA was collected from five time points (24 h prepartum during the colostrum period, midlactation, two involutions, and during a bout of mastitis) in addition to an involution series comprising three time points. Gene expression profiles were determined by use of human Affymetrix arrays. Milk cells collected during milk production showed that the most highly expressed genes were involved in milk synthesis (e.g., CEL, OLAH, FOLR1, BTN1A1, and ARG2), while milk cells collected during involution showed a significant downregulation of milk synthesis genes and activation of involution associated genes (e.g., STAT3, NF-kB, IRF5, and IRF7). Milk cells collected during mastitic infection revealed regulation of a unique set of genes specific to this disease state, while maintaining regulation of milk synthesis genes. Use of conventional epithelial cell markers was used to determine the population of MECs within each sample. This paper is the first to describe the milk cell transcriptome across the human lactation cycle and during mastitic infection, providing valuable insight into gene expression of the human mammary gland.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.