Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26909551›Full record

ArticleEpigenetics2016

Aging is associated with hypermethylation of autophagy genes in macrophages.

Hany Khalil, Mia Tazi, Kyle Caution, Amr Ahmed, Apurva Kanneganti, Kaivon Assani, Benjamin Kopp, Clay Marsh, Duaa Dakhlallah, Amal O Amer

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Epigenetics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed
9.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 133 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits replication of influenza A virus via restoring the host methylated genes following infection.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2025
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18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Hany Khalila Department of Molecular Biology , Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City , Sadat City , Egypt.
Mia Tazib Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity , Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH.
Kyle Cautionb Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity , Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH.
Amr Ahmedb Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity , Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH.
Apurva Kannegantib Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity , Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH.
Kaivon Assanid The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH.
Benjamin Koppd The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH.
Clay Marshc The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH.
Duaa Dakhlallahc The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH.
Amal O Amerb Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity , Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH.
Lung Institute · USInterface (United States) · USNationwide Children's Hospital · USThe Ohio State University · USUniversity of Sadat City · EG

Funding

West Virginia IDEA-CTRU54GM104942 · NIGMS · WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY · PI Anne Courtney DeVries · 2012 to 2026
$81.0M
Human susceptibility to Legionella infectionR21AI113477 · NIAID · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI AMER, AMAL O · 2015 to 2016
$434k
NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI113477NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104942
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autophagy is a biological process characterized by self-digestion and involves induction of autophagosome formation, leading to degradation of autophagic cargo. Aging is associated with the reduction of autophagy activity leading to neurodegenerative disorders, chronic inflammation, and susceptibility to infection; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. DNA methylation by DNA methyltransferases reduces the expression of corresponding genes. Since macrophages are major players in inflammation and defense against infection we determined the differences in methylation of autophagy genes in macrophages derived from young and aged mice. We found that promoter regions of Atg5 and LC3B are hypermethylated in macrophages from aged mice and this is accompanied by low gene expression. Treatment of aged mice and their derived macrophages with methyltransferase inhibitor (2)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) or specific DNA methyltransferase 2 (DNMT2) siRNA restored the expression of Atg5 and LC3 in vivo and in vitro. Our study builds a foundation for the development of novel therapeutics aimed to improve autophagy in the elderly population and suggests a role for DNMT2 in DNA methylation activities.

Indexed as

AgingAnimalsAutophagosomesAutophagyAutophagy-Related Protein 5CatechinDNA (Cytosine-5-)-MethyltransferasesDNA MethylationEnzyme InhibitorsHumansMacrophagesMiceMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsRNA, Small InterferingAtg5 protein, mouseAutophagy-Related Protein 5CatechinDNA (Cytosine-5-)-MethyltransferasesDnmt2 protein, mouseEnzyme Inhibitorsepigallocatechin gallateMap1lc3b protein, mouseMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsRNA, Small InterferingAgingautophagyDNA methylationEGCGmacrophages

Identifiers

PMID26909551
PMCPMC4889231
OpenAlexW2296184960

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.