ReviewFrontiers in synaptic neuroscience2016
Co-existence of Functionally Different Vesicular Neurotransmitter Transporters.
Review in Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Activation of silent synapses driven by emerging technologies: mechanisms, disease associations, and prospects for clinical translation.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2026Review
- Co-release of GABA and ACh from Medial Olivocochlear Neurons as a Fine Regulatory Mechanism of Cochlear Efferent Inhibition.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Dopamine-Glutamate and Dopamine-GABA Co-release.Advances in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Insomnia treatment based on the regulation of the GABAergic system: traditional Chinese medicine perspectives and therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Decoding serotonin: the molecular symphony behind depression.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Interactions between Glycine and Glutamate through Activation of Their Transporters in Hippocampal Nerve Terminals.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Article
- Proton-Binding Motifs of Membrane-Bound Proteins: From Bacteriorhodopsin to Spike Protein S.Frontiers in chemistry · 2021Article
- The therapeutic importance of acid-base balance.Biochemical pharmacology · 2021Review
- Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters in Drosophila melanogaster.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes · 2020Review
- Article
- Presynaptic αThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Two conformationally distinct α-synuclein oligomers share common epitopes and the ability to impair long-term potentiation.PloS one · 2019Article
- Neurotransmitter diversity in pre-synaptic terminals located in the parvicellular neuroendocrine paraventricular nucleus of the rat and mouse hypothalamus.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2018Article
- Fast wide-volume functional imaging of engineered in vitro brain tissues.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Ketone Bodies as Anti-Seizure Agents.Neurochemical research · 2017Review
- Zinc in the Monoaminergic Theory of Depression: Its Relationship to Neural Plasticity.Neural plasticity · 2017Review
- Recent Advancements in the Regeneration of Auditory Hair Cells and Hearing Restoration.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2017Review
- Activation of Pyramidal Neurons in Mouse Medial Prefrontal Cortex Enhances Food-Seeking Behavior While Reducing Impulsivity in the Absence of an Effect on Food Intake.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The vesicular transmitter transporters VGLUT, VGAT, VMAT2 and VAChT, define phenotype and physiological properties of neuronal subtypes. VGLUTs concentrate the excitatory amino acid glutamate, VGAT the inhibitory amino acid GABA, VMAT2 monoamines, and VAChT acetylcholine (ACh) into synaptic vesicle (SV). Following membrane depolarization SV release their content into the synaptic cleft. A strict segregation of vesicular transporters is mandatory for the precise functioning of synaptic communication and of neuronal circuits. In the last years, evidence accumulates that subsets of neurons express more than one of these transporters leading to synaptic co-release of different and functionally opposing transmitters and modulation of synaptic plasticity. Synaptic co-existence of transporters may change during pathological scenarios in order to ameliorate misbalances in neuronal activity. In addition, evidence increases that transporters also co-exist on the same vesicle providing another layer of regulation. Generally, vesicular transmitter loading relies on an electrochemical gradient ΔμH(+) driven by the proton ATPase rendering the lumen of the vesicle with respect to the cytosol positive (Δψ) and acidic (ΔpH). While the activity of VGLUT mainly depends on the Δψ component, VMAT, VGAT and VAChT work best at a high ΔpH. Thus, a vesicular synergy of transporters depending on the combination may increase or decrease the filling of SV with the principal transmitter. We provide an overview on synaptic co-existence of vesicular transmitter transporters including changes in the excitatory/inhibitory balance under pathological conditions. Additionally, we discuss functional aspects of vesicular synergy of transmitter transporters.
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