ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
CXCL13 is a plasma biomarker of germinal center activity.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 238 papers.
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Who cites it
238 citing papers in PubMed, 351 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Anti-HIV antibody development up to 1 year after antiretroviral therapy initiation in acute HIV infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Trial
- Pre-vaccination frequency of circulatory Tfh is associated with robust immune response to TV003 dengue vaccine.PLoS pathogens · 2022Trial
- Circulating autoreactive proteinase 3+ B cells and tolerance checkpoints in ANCA-associated vasculitis.JCI insight · 2021Trial
- Protein/AS01Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Trial
- Childhood allergy is preceded by an absence of gut lactobacilli species and higher levels of atopy-related plasma chemokines.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Trial
- Follicular T helper cells shape the HCV-specific CD4+ T cell repertoire after virus elimination.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Pharmacodynamic biomarkers and differential effects of TNF- and GM-CSF-targeting biologics in rheumatoid arthritis.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2019Trial
- A pilot clinical trial of a near-infrared laser vaccine adjuvant: safety, tolerability, and cutaneous immune cell trafficking.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Trial
- A targeted metabolic intervention via exercise applied after vaccination shapes kinetics and durability of serum antibody accompanied by a distinct immunometabolic signature: pilot study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Dietary allergen promotes sex-specific leukocyte trafficking and alters the brain immune cell populations in subclinically sensitized mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- The Role of CD4 T Cell Repertoire and Immune Memory Mechanisms in Vaccination and Infection Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Tumor-specific antibodies elicited by engineered bacteria promote bladder cancer immunotherapy in preclinical mouse models.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Modeling development of tertiary lymphoid structures in pulmonary tuberculosis by 3D profiling and trajectory analysis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- An "old" cytokine's new trick: IL-1β in B cells and the germinal center.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-Care CXCL13 Measurements for Lyme Neuroborreliosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A comparison of two- and three-dose MVA-BN mpox vaccination series on anti-monkeypox virus immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Aging restricts maturation of CXCL13bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Prospective Biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Seroconversion in Patients with Haematological Malignancies.Vaccines · 2026Article
178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Significantly higher levels of plasma CXCL13 [chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13] were associated with the generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV in a large longitudinal cohort of HIV-infected individuals. Germinal centers (GCs) perform the remarkable task of optimizing B-cell Ab responses. GCs are required for almost all B-cell receptor affinity maturation and will be a critical parameter to monitor if HIV bnAbs are to be induced by vaccination. However, lymphoid tissue is rarely available from immunized humans, making the monitoring of GC activity by direct assessment of GC B cells and germinal center CD4(+) T follicular helper (GC Tfh) cells problematic. The CXCL13-CXCR5 [chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5] chemokine axis plays a central role in organizing both B-cell follicles and GCs. Because GC Tfh cells can produce CXCL13, we explored the potential use of CXCL13 as a blood biomarker to indicate GC activity. In a series of studies, we found that plasma CXCL13 levels correlated with GC activity in draining lymph nodes of immunized mice, immunized macaques, and HIV-infected humans. Furthermore, plasma CXCL13 levels in immunized humans correlated with the magnitude of Ab responses and the frequency of ICOS(+) (inducible T-cell costimulator) Tfh-like cells in blood. Together, these findings support the potential use of CXCL13 as a plasma biomarker of GC activity in human vaccine trials and other clinical settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.