Observational studyBMJ open2016
A prospective surveillance of paediatric head injuries in Singapore: a dual-centre study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Traumatic posterior fossa extradural hematoma in children: a meta-analysis and institutional experience of its clinical course, treatment and outcomes.Neurosurgical review · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Parental knowledge, attitude and practice of child car restraint use in Singapore: a survey and literature review.Singapore medical journal · 2025Article
- Paediatric traumatic brain injury: an approach in primary care.Singapore medical journal · 2021Article
- Parental knowledge and beliefs on the use of child car restraints in Singapore: a qualitative study.Singapore medical journal · 2020Article
- [Causes and clinical features of children with traumatic brain injury: a retrospective analysis of 126 cases].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2019Article
- A retrospective review of paediatric head injuries in Asia - a Pan Asian Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS) collaboration.BMJ open · 2017Article
- Childhood Injuries in Singapore: Can Local Physicians and the Healthcare System Do More to Confront This Public Health Concern?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo study the causes of head injuries among the paediatric population in Singapore, and the association between causes and mortality, as well as the need for airway or neurosurgical intervention.
designThis is a prospective observational study utilising data from the trauma surveillance system from January 2011 to March 2015.
settingPaediatric emergency departments (EDs) of KK Women's and Children's Hospital and the National University Health System.
participantsWe included children aged <16 years presenting to the paediatric EDs with head injuries who required a CT scan, admission for monitoring of persistent symptoms, or who died from the head injury. We excluded children who presented with minor mechanisms and those whose symptoms had spontaneously resolved. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary composite outcome was defined as death or the need for intubation or neurosurgical intervention. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay and type of neurosurgical intervention.
resultsWe analysed 1049 children who met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 6.7 (SD 5.2) years. 260 (24.8%) had a positive finding on CT. 17 (1.6%) children died, 52 (5.0%) required emergency intubation in the ED and 58 (5.5%) underwent neurosurgery. The main causes associated with severe outcomes were motor vehicle crashes (OR 7.2, 95% CI 4.3 to 12.0) and non-accidental trauma (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 18.6). This remained statistically significant when we stratified to children aged <2 years and performed a multivariable analysis adjusting for age and location of injury. For motor vehicle crashes, less than half of the children were using restraints.
conclusionsMotor vehicle crashes and non-accidental trauma causes are particularly associated with poor outcomes among children with paediatric head injury. Continued vigilance and compliance with injury prevention initiatives and legislature are vital.
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