ArticleScientific reports2016
Development of Spexin-based Human Galanin Receptor Type II-Specific Agonists with Increased Stability in Serum and Anxiolytic Effect in Mice.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spexin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Brain Injury in Rats via Suppression of NF-κB-Associated Inflammation and Apoptosis.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Nephroprotective effect of spexin in dogs and cats.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Biochemical and Physiological Effects of Galanin in Health and Disease.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Emerging roles of spexin in cardiovascular homeostasis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Identification of intestinal enteroendocrine cell subtypes and their associated hormones in zebrafish.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Associations Between Circulating Spexin, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance in Korean Children and Adolescents.Nutrients · 2025Article
- High intensity interval training attenuate insulin resistance in diabetic rats accompanied by improvements in liver metabolism and spexin signaling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Role of Spexin in White Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis under Basal and Cold-Stimulated Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Peripheral Blood Concentrations of Phoenixin, Spexin, Nesfatin-1 and Kisspeptin as Potential Biomarkers of Bipolar Disorder in the Pediatric Population.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Immunoexpression of Spexin in Selected Segments of the Bovine (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Social stress-induced serotonin dysfunction activates spexin in male Nile tilapia (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Spexin-based galanin receptor 2 agonist improves renal injury in mice with type 2 diabetes.Animal cells and systems · 2023Article
- Anxiety and Depression: What Do We Know of Neuropeptides?Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Spexin modulates molecular thermogenic profile of adipose tissue and thermoregulatory behaviors in female C57BL/6 mice.Hormones and behavior · 2022Article
- Spexin and Galanin in Metabolic Functions and Social Behaviors With a Focus on Non-Mammalian Vertebrates.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Circulating spexins in children with obesity: relation to cardiometabolic risk.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Novel insights on the role of spexin as a biomarker of obesity and related cardiometabolic disease.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2021Review
- Intranasal Delivery of a Methyllanthionine-Stabilized Galanin Receptor-2-Selective Agonist Reduces Acute Food Intake.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2021Article
- Functions of galanin, spexin and kisspeptin in metabolism, mood and behaviour.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Mouse Spexin: (II) Functional Role as a Satiety Factor inhibiting Food Intake by Regulatory Actions Within the Hypothalamus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The novel neuropeptide spexin (SPX) was discovered to activate galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) and 3 (GALR3) but not galanin receptor 1 (GALR1). Although GALR2 is known to display a function, particularly in anxiety, depression, and appetite regulation, the further determination of its function would benefit from a more stable and selective agonist that acts only at GALR2. In the present study, we developed a GALR2-specific agonist with increased stability in serum. As galanin (GAL) showed a low affinity to GALR3, the residues in SPX were replaced with those in GAL, revealing that particular mutations such as Gln5 → Asn, Met7 → Ala, Lys11 → Phe, and Ala13 → Pro significantly decreased potencies toward GALR3 but not toward GALR2. Quadruple (Qu) mutation of these residues still retained potency to GALR2 but totally abolished the potency to both GALR3 and GALR1. The first amino acid modifications or D-Asn1 substitution significantly increased the stability when they are incubated in 100% fetal bovine serum. Intracerebroventricular administration of the mutant peptide with D-Asn1 and quadruple substitution (dN1-Qu) exhibited an anxiolytic effect in mice. Taken together, the GALR2-specific agonist with increased stability can greatly help delineation of GALR2-mediated functions and be very useful for treatments of anxiety disorder.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.