ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Endogenous Sulfur Dioxide Inhibits Vascular Calcification in Association with the TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design, synthesis and DFT analysis of a highly selective chromenylium based fluorescent probe for cellular imaging and selective detection of sulfite ions.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Palmatine Attenuates LPS-Induced EMT in MAC-T Cells and Mammary Fibrosis in Mice, with Suppression of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad Signaling In Vivo.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- The role of macrophages in vascular calcification: strategies for diagnosis and treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- [Regulative effects of endogenous sulfur dioxide on oxidant stress in myocardium of rat with sepsis].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2023Article
- Flavocoxid Ameliorates Aortic Calcification Induced by Hypervitaminosis DCardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2022Article
- Gaseous signal molecule SOThe Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2022Article
- Effect of sulfur dioxide on vascular biology.Histology and histopathology · 2021Review
- circRNA CDR1as Promotes Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification by Upregulating CAMK2D and CNN3 via Sponging miR-7-5p.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2020Article
- An effective biocompatible fluorescent probe for bisulfite detection in aqueous solution, living cells, and mice.RSC advances · 2020Article
- Hydrogen Gas in Cancer Treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Review
- Sulfur Dioxide Activates ClFrontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
- Sulfur dioxide improves endothelial dysfunction by downregulating the angiotensin II/ATJournal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAASArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate whether endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO₂) plays a role in vascular calcification (VC) in rats and its possible mechanisms. In vivo medial vascular calcification was induced in rats by vitamin D3 and nicotine for four weeks. In vitro calcification of cultured A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was induced by calcifying media containing 5 mmol/L CaCl₂. Aortic smooth muscle (SM) α-actin, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Smad expression was measured. VC rats showed dispersed calcified nodules among the elastic fibers in calcified aorta with increased aortic calcium content and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. SM α-actin was markedly decreased, but the osteochondrogenic marker Runx2 concomitantly increased and TGF-β/Smad signaling was activated, in association with the downregulated SO₂/aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) pathway. However, SO₂ supplementation successfully ameliorated vascular calcification, and increased SM α-actin expression, but inhibited Runx2 and TGF-β/Smad expression. In calcified A7r5 VSMCs, the endogenous SO₂/AAT pathway was significantly downregulated. SO₂ treatment reduced the calcium deposits, calcium content, ALP activity and Runx2 expression and downregulated the TGF-β/Smad pathway in A7r5 cells but increased SM α-actin expression. In brief, SO₂ significantly ameliorated vascular calcification in association with downregulation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
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