Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26906974›Full record

ArticleArchives of osteoporosis2016

High prevalence of secondary factors for bone fragility in patients with a recent fracture independently of BMD.

F Malgo, N M Appelman-Dijkstra, M F Termaat, H J L van der Heide, I B Schipper, T J Rabelink, N A T Hamdy

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of osteoporosis, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Value and potential limitations of vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) compared to conventional spine radiography: experience from a fracture liaison service (FLS) and a meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017
    Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. The yield of routine laboratory examination in osteoporosis evaluation in primary care.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
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  9. Serum sclerostin levels in osteoporotic fracture patients.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2022
    Article
  10. Article
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  13. Article
  14. A patient-level key performance indicator set to measure the effectiveness of fracture liaison services and guide quality improvement: a position paper of the IOF Capture the Fracture Working Group, National Osteoporosis Foundation and Fragility Fracture Network.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Hip fractures in the elderly without osteoporosis.Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2018
    Article
  17. Comorbidities and medication use in patients with a recent clinical fracture at the Fracture Liaison Service.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2018
    Article
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  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

F MalgoCenter for Bone Quality and Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. f.malgo@lumc.nl.
N M Appelman-DijkstraCenter for Bone Quality and Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
M F TermaatCenter for Bone Quality and Department of Traumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
H J L van der HeideCenter for Bone Quality and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
I B SchipperCenter for Bone Quality and Department of Traumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
T J RabelinkCenter for Bone Quality and Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
N A T HamdyCenter for Bone Quality and Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

unlabelledIn this study, we demonstrate a high prevalence of secondary factors in patients with a recent fracture independently of bone mineral density (BMD). Our results suggest that patients with a recent fracture should be screened for secondary factors for bone fragility regardless of BMD values.

introductionSecondary factors for bone fragility are common in patients with osteoporosis who have sustained a fracture. The majority of fragility fractures occurs, however, in patients with osteopenia, and it is not known whether secondary factors may contribute to fracture risk in these patients or in those with normal BMD.

methodsProspective cohort study evaluating the prevalence of secondary factors for bone fragility in consecutive patients referred to our fracture liaison service from June 2012 to June 2014 after a recent fracture.

resultsSeven hundred nine patients were included, 201 (28 %) with osteoporosis, 391 (55 %) with osteopenia and 117 (17 %) with normal BMD. Mean age was 66.0 ± 9.8 years, 504 (73 %) were women and 390 (57 %) had one or more underlying secondary factor. Evaluation of clinical risk factors using fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) identified 38 % of patients with ≥1 secondary factor including smoking (18 %), excessive alcohol use (12 %), glucocorticoid use (12 %) and rheumatoid arthritis (3 %). Laboratory investigations revealed chronic kidney disease in 13 %, monoclonal gammopathy also in 13 % and primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism in 1 and 6 %, respectively. Secondary factors for bone fragility were equally prevalent in patients with osteoporosis, osteopenia or normal BMD.

conclusionsOur findings demonstrate a high prevalence of secondary factors for bone fragility in patients who have sustained a recent fracture, independently of BMD. The significant number of documented factors, which were treatable, suggest that patients who sustained a fracture should be screened for secondary factors for bone fragility regardless of BMD values to optimise secondary fracture prevention.

Indexed as

Bone DensityAdultAgedArthritis, RheumatoidBone Diseases, MetabolicFemaleFractures, BoneHumansMaleMiddle AgedOsteoporosisPrevalenceProspective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSmokingFracture liaison serviceFragility fractureOsteopeniaOsteoporosisSecondary factors

Identifiers

PMID26906974
PMCPMC4764633

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.