ArticleScientific reports2016
Carbonate-based Janus micromotors moving in ultra-light acidic environment generated by HeLa cells in situ.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Micro/Nanorobots (MNRs) at the Intersection of Mechanobiology and Artificial Intelligence: An Emerging Frontier for Precision Nanomedicine.ACS nano medicine · 2026Review
- Artificial chemotaxis in micro/nanomotors.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Recent advances in engineering nano/microrobots for tumor treatment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Review
- Advancements in Micro/Nanorobots in Medicine: Design, Actuation, and Transformative Application.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Microrobotic Swarms for Cancer Therapy.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Exploiting Benefits of Vaterite Metastability to Design Degradable Systems for Biomedical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Target-Specific Delivery and Bioavailability of Pharmaceuticals via Janus and Dendrimer Particles.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- 3D-printed microrobots from design to translation.Nature communications · 2022Review
- Biocompatible micromotors for biosensing.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Review
- Advances of Stimulus-Responsive Hydrogels for Bone Defects Repair in Tissue Engineering.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Advanced medical micro-robotics for early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2022Review
- "Motile-targeting" drug delivery platforms based on micro/nanorobots for tumor therapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Janus particles and motors: unrivaled devices for mastering (bio)sensing.Mikrochimica acta · 2021Review
- Engineering Active Micro and Nanomotors.Micromachines · 2021Review
- A Microstirring Pill Enhances Bioavailability of Orally Administered Drugs.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Article
- The Energy Conversion behind Micro-and Nanomotors.Micromachines · 2021Review
- Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2021Review
- Engineering microrobots for targeted cancer therapies from a medical perspective.Nature communications · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Novel approaches to develop naturally-induced drug delivery in tumor environments in a deterministic and controlled manner have become of growing interest in recent years. Different polymeric-based microstructures and other biocompatible substances have been studied taking advantage of lactic acidosis phenomena in tumor cells, which decrease the tumor extracellular pH down to 6.8. Micromotors have recently demonstrated a high performance in living systems, revealing autonomous movement in the acidic environment of the stomach or moving inside living cells by using acoustic waves, opening the doors for implementation of such smart microengines into living entities. The need to develop biocompatible motors which are driven by natural fuel sources inherently created in biological systems has thus become of crucial importance. As a proof of principle, we here demonstrate calcium carbonate Janus particles moving in extremely light acidic environments (pH 6.5), whose motion is induced in conditioned acidic medium generated by HeLa cells in situ. Our system not only obviates the need for an external fuel, but also presents a selective activation of the micromotors which promotes their motion and consequent dissolution in presence of a quickly propagating cell source (i.e. tumor cells), therefore inspiring new micromotor configurations for potential drug delivery systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.