ArticleCarcinogenesis2016
Pancreatic cancer: associations of inflammatory potential of diet, cigarette smoking and long-standing diabetes.
Article in Carcinogenesis, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary inflammatory index and risk of major digestive tract cancers: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary Inflammatory Index in relation to Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Pooled it
- Dietary inflammatory index and pancreatic cancer risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Public health nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Dietary Inflammatory Index and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Dietary patterns and risk of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review.Nutrition reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of pancreatic cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.International journal of cancer · 2018Trial
- Pancreatic Cancer Detection Consortium Biomarker Bakeoff: A Phase II Blinded Biomarker Validation and Panel Discovery Study.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Polygenic scores for risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: evaluation of novel and published models.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Association between healthy lifestyle score and risk of multiple myeloma: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Establishing cancer registries in Africa - focus on hepatopancreatobiliary cancers.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Genomic and Immune Landscape of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Associated with Germline Pathogenic Variants in ATM.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- Discordant risk factors between pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Endocrine-related cancer · 2025Article
- The exposome as a target for primary prevention and a tool for early detection of pancreatic cancer.Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Pulmonary Embolism in Long Standing Diabetes: A Hint Towards Pancreatic Carcinoma.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2025Article
- Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index and glycemic dynamics in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: implications for disease progression and prognosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Associations between Diabetes Mellitus and Selected Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Lifestyle Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Hot topics in pancreatic cancer management.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies show strong associations between pancreatic cancer (PC) and inflammatory stimuli or conditions such as cigarette smoking and diabetes, suggesting that inflammation may play a key role in PC. Studies of dietary patterns and cancer outcomes also suggest that diet might influence an individual's risk of PC by modulating inflammation. We therefore examined independent and joint associations between inflammatory potential of diet, cigarette smoking and long-standing (≥5 years) type II diabetes in relation to risk of PC. Analyses included data from 817 cases and 1756 controls. Inflammatory potential of diet was measured using the dietary inflammatory index (DII), calculated from dietary intake assessed via a 144-item food frequency questionnaire, and adjusted for energy intake. Information on smoking and diabetes were obtained via risk factor questionnaires. Associations were examined using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. Higher DII scores, reflecting a more proinflammatory diet, were associated with increased risk of PC [odds ratio (OR)Quintile 5 versus 1 = 2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.87-3.46, P trend < 0.0001]. Excess risk of PC also was observed among former (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.07-1.54) and current (OR = 3.40, 95% CI = 2.28-5.07) smokers compared with never smokers, and among participants with long-standing diabetes (OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 2.02-4.72) compared with nondiabetics. Joint associations were observed for the combined effects of having greater than median DII score, and being a current smoker (OR = 4.79, 95% CI = 3.00-7.65) or having long-standing diabetes (OR = 6.03, 95% CI = 3.41-10.85). These findings suggest that a proinflammatory diet may act as cofactor with cigarette smoking and diabetes to increase risk of PC beyond the risk of any of these factors alone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.