ArticleJournal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences2016
Pitfalls in the analysis of the physiological antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and its disulfide (GSSG) in biological samples: An elephant in the room.
Article in Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- Altered central and blood glutathione in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Multilevel regulation of skeletal muscle ferroptosis in aging: sex- and exercise-dependent effects on histological, molecular, and genetic markers.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Glutathione Redox Changes in Pulmonary Arterial Blood After Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Single-Arm Pilot Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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- Layer by Layer Engineered Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Therapeutic Delivery and Next-Generation Design.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
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- Ferroptosis-related stress during aging and its relevance to disease.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Oxidative Stress, Environmental Pollutants, Aging, and Epigenetic Regulation: Mechanistic Insights and Biomarker Advances.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A copper-mediated Fenton-like dual-mode optical sensor for sensitive determination of acetylcholinesterase activity in biological fluids.RSC advances · 2026Article
- An Artifact-Free Assay for the GSH/GSSG Ratio Adapted for Finger-Stick Blood Microvolumes: Simple, Sensitive, and Suitable for Any Laboratory.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Caffeic Acid, Reduced Glutathione, and Ferric Iron Addition Effects on the Redox Potential of Model Wine Solutions.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The nonenzymatic antioxidant profile as a biomarker for adolescent mood disorders: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Exosomes from Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect Lung Epithelium and Attenuate Fibrosis.International journal of stem cells · 2026Article
- Response of Human Red Blood Cells to Acute and Chronic Oxidant Challenge as Observed Through the Glutathione and Glutathionyl-Hemoglobin Redox Pairs In Vitro and In Vivo.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of S-abscisic acid supplementation on the growth performance and antioxidant status of nursery pigs.Translational animal science · 2026Article
- NADSkeletal muscle · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Disease: An Overview.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Nanomedicine-Driven Modulation of Reductive Stress for Cancer Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Ensemble quantitation of absolute metabolite concentrations in T cells reveals conserved features of immunometabolism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Enzymes Drive Glutathione Shunt to Explain Oxidative State Using an In-Parallel Multi-Omic Method.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant low-molecular-mass thiol within cells and one of the major antioxidant compounds in body fluids. Under pro-oxidant conditions, two GSH molecules donate one electron each and are converted into glutathione disulfide (GSSG). The GSH/GSSG molar ratio is considered a powerful index of oxidative stress and disease risk. Despite high interest in GSH/GSSG titration as measures of thiol redox balance, no broad agreement has yet been reached as to the best pre-analytical and analytical methods for the quantitation of these molecules in biological samples. Consequently, measured concentrations of GSH and GSSG and calculated GSH/GSSG molar ratios vary widely among laboratories. Here, we describe in detail the main analytical and pre-analytical problems related to the artificial oxidation of the sulfhydryl (SH) group of GSH that occur during sample manipulation. We underline how this aspect has been neglected for long time after its first description more than fifty years ago. Finally, selected reliable procedures and methods to measure GSH and GSSG in biological samples are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.