ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2016
Independence of Hot and Cold Executive Function Deficits in High-Functioning Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuropsychological Development of Cool and Hot Executive Functions Between 6 and 12 Years of Age: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Pooled it
- Cognitive and affective empathy, executive functions, and the key role of personal distress: Why do autistic traits predict mental health symptoms in neurotypical adults?Cognitive processing · 2026Article
- Age-related differences in the association between executive function and social responsiveness in autism spectrum disorder: a multi-method study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- "Cool" and "Hot" executive functions in deaf children: the executive brain battery (EBB).Journal of deaf studies and deaf education · 2025Article
- Enriched Motor Program [EMP]: Adaptation of a Physical Activity Intervention for Enhancing Executive Functions in Children with ASD.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- The canonical correlation between executive function and social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder and potential pathways to physical fitness.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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- A Novel Battery to Assess "Cool" and "Hot" Executive Functions: Sensitivity to Age Differences in Middle Childhood.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Brain gray matter morphometry relates to onset age of bilingualism and theory of mind in young and older adults.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- No relations between executive functions and dimensional models of psychopathology or is time the missing link?PloS one · 2024Article
- Working memory training in autism: Near and far transfer.La Tunisie medicale · 2023Article
- The Self Course: Lessons Learned from Students' Weekly Questions.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Holistic Functioning from a Developmental Perspective: A New Synthesis with a Focus on a Multi-tiered System Support Structure.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2023Article
- Pretense Awareness Context and Autism: Insights from Conversation Analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Article
- The Effects of Cognitive-Affective Switching With Unpredictable Cues in Adults and Adolescents and Their Relation to "Cool" Executive Functioning and Emotion Regulation.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Behavioral and neuropsychological profile of a male patient with mosaic PCDH19 mutation.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2022Article
- The moderating role of sex in the relationship between executive functions and academic procrastination in undergraduate students.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Effects of Cognitive Training Programs on Executive Function in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- An Intervention Program Targeting Daily Adaptive Skills Through Executive Function Training for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study.Psychiatry investigation · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Individuals with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) display diverse deficits in social, cognitive and behavioral functioning. To date, there has been mixed findings on the profile of executive function deficits for high-functioning adults (IQ > 70) with ASD. A conceptual distinction is commonly made between "cold" and "hot" executive functions. Cold executive functions refer to mechanistic higher-order cognitive operations (e.g., working memory), whereas hot executive functions entail cognitive abilities supported by emotional awareness and social perception (e.g., social cognition). This study aimed to determine the independence of deficits in hot and cold executive functions for high-functioning adults with ASD. Forty-two adults with ASD (64% male, aged 18-66 years) and 40 age and gender matched controls were administered The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT; emotion recognition and social inference), Letter Number Sequencing (working memory) and Hayling Sentence Completion Test (response initiation and suppression). Between-group analyses identified that the ASD group performed significantly worse than matched controls on all measures of cold and hot executive functions (d = 0.54 - 1.5). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that the ASD sample performed more poorly on emotion recognition and social inference tasks than matched controls after controlling for cold executive functions and employment status. The findings also indicated that the ability to recognize emotions and make social inferences was supported by working memory and response initiation and suppression processes. Overall, this study supports the distinction between hot and cold executive function impairments for adults with ASD. Moreover, it advances understanding of higher-order impairments underlying social interaction difficulties for this population which, in turn, may assist with diagnosis and inform intervention programs.
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