ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2016
Grainyhead-like 2 downstream targets act to suppress epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during neural tube closure.
Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis ofGenes · 2019Pooled it
- A Human Neural Tube Model Using 4D Self-Folding Smart Scaffolds.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Discovering the unexpected: Insights into the dynamics of mouse neural tube closure revealed by time-lapse imaging.Developmental biology · 2026Review
- GPR161-GLI3 repressor signaling at cilia directs apical constriction and cell fate during cranial neural tube closure.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Foxi2 and Sox3 are master transcription regulators that control ectoderm germ layer specification in Xenopus.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Grainyhead-like 2 is required for morphological integrity of mouse embryonic stem cells and orderly formation of inner ear-like organoids.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Unraveling the Mechanisms of Clinical Drugs-Induced Neural Tube Defects Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis.Neurochemical research · 2022Article
- Article
- GRHL2 Enhances Phosphorylated Estrogen Receptor (ER) Chromatin Binding and Regulates ER-Mediated Transcriptional Activation and Repression.Molecular and cellular biology · 2022Article
- Pathogenesis of neural tube defects: The regulation and disruption of cellular processes underlying neural tube closure.WIREs mechanisms of disease · 2022Review
- Grainyhead-like (Grhl) Target Genes in Development and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- CTCF Expression and Dynamic Motif Accessibility Modulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Gene Expression.Cancers · 2022Article
- Mouse models in palate development and orofacial cleft research: Understanding the crucial role and regulation of epithelial integrity in facial and palate morphogenesis.Current topics in developmental biology · 2022Article
- Human myelomeningocele risk and ultra-rare deleterious variants in genes associated with cilium, WNT-signaling, ECM, cytoskeleton and cell migration.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The paradoxical problem with COVID-19 ocular infection: Moderate clinical manifestation and potential infection risk.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2021Article
- Sonic hedgehog signaling directs patterned cell remodeling during cranial neural tube closure.eLife · 2020Article
- Inactivation ofDisease models & mechanisms · 2020Article
- Interrogating the Grainyhead-like 2 (Grhl2) genomic locus identifies an enhancer element that regulates palatogenesis in mouse.Developmental biology · 2020Article
- The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Development and Cancer.Annual review of cancer biology · 2020Article
- Grainyhead-like 2 as a double-edged sword in development and cancer.American journal of translational research · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The transcription factor grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) is expressed in non-neural ectoderm (NNE) and Grhl2 loss results in fully penetrant cranial neural tube defects (NTDs) in mice. GRHL2 activates expression of several epithelial genes; however, additional molecular targets and functional processes regulated by GRHL2 in the NNE remain to be determined, as well as the underlying cause of the NTDs in Grhl2 mutants. Here, we find that Grhl2 loss results in abnormal mesenchymal phenotypes in the NNE, including aberrant vimentin expression and increased cellular dynamics that affects the NNE and neural crest cells. The resulting loss of NNE integrity contributes to an inability of the cranial neural folds to move toward the midline and results in NTD. Further, we identified Esrp1, Sostdc1, Fermt1, Tmprss2 and Lamc2 as novel NNE-expressed genes that are downregulated in Grhl2 mutants. Our in vitro assays show that they act as suppressors of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Thus, GRHL2 promotes the epithelial nature of the NNE during the dynamic events of neural tube formation by both activating key epithelial genes and actively suppressing EMT through novel downstream EMT suppressors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.