ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2016
Two-Photon Autofluorescence Imaging Reveals Cellular Structures Throughout the Retina of the Living Primate Eye.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
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- TWINKLE: An open-source two-photon microscope for teaching and research.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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- Evolution of adaptive optics retinal imaging [Invited].Biomedical optics express · 2023Review
- Separate lifetime signatures of macaque S cones, M/L cones, and rods observed with adaptive optics fluorescence lifetime ophthalmoscopy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Ultrahigh-speed multimodal adaptive optics system for microscopic structural and functional imaging of the human retina.Biomedical optics express · 2022Article
- In vivo imaging of the human eye using a 2-photon-excited fluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscope.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Adaptive optics two-photon excited fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium in the living non-human primate eye.Biomedical optics express · 2022Article
- Promises and pitfalls of evaluating photoreceptor-based retinal disease with adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO).Progress in retinal and eye research · 2021Review
- Advanced Retinal Imaging and Ocular Parameters of the Rhesus Macaque Eye.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- High-resolution, depth-resolved vascular leakage measurements using contrast-enhanced, correlation-gated optical coherence tomography in mice.Biomedical optics express · 2021Article
- Quantification of Retinal Ganglion Cell Morphology in Human Glaucomatous Eyes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Adaptive optics: principles and applications in ophthalmology.Eye (London, England) · 2021Review
- Adaptive optics for high-resolution imaging.Nature reviews. Methods primers · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAlthough extrinsic fluorophores can be introduced to label specific cell types in the retina, endogenous fluorophores, such as NAD(P)H, FAD, collagen, and others, are present in all retinal layers. These molecules are a potential source of optical contrast and can enable noninvasive visualization of all cellular layers. We used a two-photon fluorescence adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (TPF-AOSLO) to explore the native autofluorescence of various cell classes spanning several layers in the unlabeled retina of a living primate eye.
methodsThree macaques were imaged on separate occasions using a custom TPF-AOSLO. Two-photon fluorescence was evoked by pulsed light at 730 and 920 nm excitation wavelengths, while fluorescence emission was collected in the visible range from several retinal layers and different locations. Backscattered light was recorded simultaneously in confocal modality and images were postprocessed to remove eye motion.
resultsAll retinal layers yielded two-photon signals and the heterogeneous distribution of fluorophores provided optical contrast. Several structural features were observed, such as autofluorescence from vessel walls, Müller cell processes in the nerve fibers, mosaics of cells in the ganglion cell and other nuclear layers of the inner retina, as well as photoreceptor and RPE layers in the outer retina.
conclusionsThis in vivo survey of two-photon autofluorescence throughout the primate retina demonstrates a wider variety of structural detail in the living eye than is available through conventional imaging methods, and broadens the use of two-photon imaging of normal and diseased eyes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.