Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26903017›Full record

ReviewCirculation2016

Resource Effective Strategies to Prevent and Treat Cardiovascular Disease.

J D Schwalm, Martin McKee, Mark D Huffman, Salim Yusuf

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Circulation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06258473 (Addressing Gaps in the Hypertension and Diabetes Care Continuum in Rural Bangladesh Through mHealth and Decentralized Primary Care), which is not on this map. Cited by 72 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06258473 phase1recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Addressing Gaps in the Hypertension and Diabetes Care Continuum in Rural Bangladesh Through mHealth and Decentralized Primary Care: The Dinajpur Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorBRAC UniversityRan2024 to 2026Enrolled6,750ConditionsHypertension, DiabetesArmsMulticomponent decentralized care, mHealth
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

72 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Pooled it
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  9. Therapeutic potential of phytochemical compounds in cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive review.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension 2025 (JSH2025).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Article
  17. Metabolism open · 2025
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Charting the Course and Uncharted Territories: SCAI 2025 Guidelines for Chronic Venous Disease.Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

J D SchwalmFrom Population Health Research Institute and Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.D.S., S.Y.); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (M.M.); and Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.D.H.). schwalj@mcmaster.ca.
Martin McKeeFrom Population Health Research Institute and Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.D.S., S.Y.); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (M.M.); and Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.D.H.).
Mark D HuffmanFrom Population Health Research Institute and Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.D.S., S.Y.); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (M.M.); and Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.D.H.).
Salim YusufFrom Population Health Research Institute and Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.D.S., S.Y.); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (M.M.); and Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.D.H.).

Funding

Wellcome Trust 090207/Z/09/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global deaths, with the majority occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The primary and secondary prevention of CVD is suboptimal throughout the world, but the evidence-practice gaps are much more pronounced in low- and middle-income countries. Barriers at the patient, healthcare provider, and health system level prevent the implementation of optimal primary and secondary prevention. Identification of the particular barriers that exist in resource-constrained settings is necessary to inform effective strategies to reduce the identified evidence-practice gaps. Furthermore, targeting modifiable factors that contribute most significantly to the global burden of CVD, including tobacco use, hypertension, and secondary prevention for CVD, will lead to the biggest gains in mortality reduction. We review a select number of novel, resource-efficient strategies to reduce premature mortality from CVD, including (1) effective measures for tobacco control, (2) implementation of simplified screening and management algorithms for those with or at risk of CVD, (3) increasing the availability and affordability of simplified and cost-effective treatment regimens including combination CVD preventive drug therapy, and (4) simplified delivery of healthcare through task-sharing (nonphysician health workers) and optimizing self-management (treatment supporters). Developing and deploying systems of care that address barriers related to the above will lead to substantial reductions in CVD and related mortality.

Indexed as

Risk Reduction BehaviorCardiovascular DiseasesHealth ResourcesHumansHypertensionRisk FactorsSelf CareTreatment Outcomecardiovascular diseasehealthcare systemischemic heart diseasestroke

Identifiers

PMID26903017
PMCPMC4766731

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.