ArticlePreventive medicine2016
Co-occurring risk factors for current cigarette smoking in a U.S. nationally representative sample.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cumulative vulnerabilities and smoking abstinence: A test from a randomized clinical trial.Behaviour research and therapy · 2023Trial
- Leveraging the cigarette purchase task to understand relationships between cumulative vulnerabilities, the relative reinforcing effects of smoking, and response to reduced nicotine content cigarettes.Preventive medicine · 2022Trial
- Cumulative vulnerabilities as a potential moderator of response to reduced nicotine content cigarettes.Preventive medicine · 2021Trial
- Examining Age as a Potential Moderator of Response to Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Vulnerable Populations.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Trial
- Evaluating the utility of the modified cigarette evaluation questionnaire and cigarette purchase task for predicting acute relative reinforcing efficacy of cigarettes varying in nicotine content.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- Preliminary validity of the modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire in predicting the reinforcing effects of cigarettes that vary in nicotine content.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Trends and Correlates of Cigarette, Electronic Cigarette, and Hookah Use Among Women of Childbearing Age in the U.S. Health and Human Services Regions: Insights from PRAMS Phase 8 (2016‒2022) Data.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Article
- Do youth e-cigarette users perceive smoking as attractive? The dynamics of demographics and contextual factors.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- Age, cumulative psychosocial risk factors, and health disparities in U.S. adult cigarette smoking: 2002-2019.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Cumulative psychosocial and health disparities in US adolescent cigarette smoking, 2002-2019.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Geographical location, cigarette risk perceptions, and current smoking among older US adults.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Neurocognitive impairment and its associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus who have follow up at referral hospital in Northwest, Ethiopia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Risk profiles for smoke behavior in COVID-19: a classification and regression tree analysis approach.BMC public health · 2023Article
- The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Smoking Among Vulnerable Populations.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Relating individual differences in the reinforcing value of smoking and dependence severity to nicotine exposure levels in vulnerable populations.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Intersections between environmental reward availability, loss aversion, and delay discounting as potential risk factors for cigarette smoking and other substance use.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Prevalence of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and access to supportive care in cancer in Brazil, China, France, Russia and the USA.European journal of cancer care · 2022Article
- Relapse to problem drinking or trading up to spirits? Using U.S. national cross-sectional survey data to highlight possible negative impacts of potential tobacco retail changes.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Disparities in Tobacco Use by Disability and Type: Findings From the 2019 National Health Interview Survey.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Article
- The effect of race/ethnicity and adversities on smoking cessation among U.S. adult smokers.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionRelatively little has been reported characterizing cumulative risk associated with co-occurring risk factors for cigarette smoking. The purpose of the present study was to address that knowledge gap in a U.S. nationally representative sample.
methodsData were obtained from 114,426 adults (≥18years) in the U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health (years 2011-13). Multiple logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) modeling were used to examine risk of current smoking associated with eight co-occurring risk factors (age, gender, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, poverty, drug abuse/dependence, alcohol abuse/dependence, mental illness).
resultsEach of these eight risk factors was independently associated with significant increases in the odds of smoking when concurrently present in a multiple logistic regression model. Effects of risk-factor combinations were typically summative. Exceptions to that pattern were in the direction of less-than-summative effects when one of the combined risk factors was associated with generally high or low rates of smoking (e.g., drug abuse/dependence, age ≥65). CART modeling identified subpopulation risk profiles wherein smoking prevalence varied from a low of 11% to a high of 74% depending on particular risk factor combinations. Being a college graduate was the strongest independent predictor of smoking status, classifying 30% of the adult population.
conclusionsThese results offer strong evidence that the effects associated with common risk factors for cigarette smoking are independent, cumulative, and generally summative. The results also offer potentially useful insights into national population risk profiles around which U.S. tobacco policies can be developed or refined.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.