ArticleScientific reports2016
Mechanical Fracturing of Core-Shell Undercooled Metal Particles for Heat-Free Soldering.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Undercooled liquid metal particles as gateway to low-temperature processing and non-equilibrium dynamics.iScience · 2026Review
- Solid-Liquid-Hysteresis Materials Based on Reversible Covalent Cross-Linking of Liquid Monomers.ACS polymers Au · 2026Article
- Bismuth-Tin Core-Shell Particles From Liquid Metals: A Novel, Highly Efficient Photothermal Material that Combines Broadband Light Absorption with Effective Light-to-Heat Conversion.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Multi-stimulus perception and visualization by an intelligent liquid metal-elastomer architecture.Science advances · 2024Article
- An atomically smooth container: Can the native oxide promote supercooling of liquid gallium?iScience · 2023Article
- Electro-mechano responsive elastomers with self-tunable conductivity and stiffness.Science advances · 2023Article
- Responsive Liquid Metal Droplets: From Bulk to Nano.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Hydrogen-doped viscoplastic liquid metal microparticles for stretchable printed metal lines.Nature materials · 2021Article
- Mini/Micro/Nano Scale Liquid Metal Motors.Micromachines · 2021Review
- Liquid metal nanocomposites.Nanoscale advances · 2020Review
- Attributes, Fabrication, and Applications of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Particles.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2020Review
- Role of Sn as a Process Control Agent on Mechanical Alloying Behavior of Nanocrystalline Titanium Based Powders.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Direct electrochemical generation of supercooled sulfur microdroplets well below their melting temperature.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Ga-Based Alloys in Microelectronic Interconnects: A Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Light-driven liquid metal nanotransformers for biomedical theranostics.Nature communications · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phase-change materials, such as meta-stable undercooled (supercooled) liquids, have been widely recognized as a suitable route for complex fabrication and engineering. Despite comprehensive studies on the undercooling phenomenon, little progress has been made in the use of undercooled metals, primarily due to low yields and poor stability. This paper reports the use of an extension of droplet emulsion technique (SLICE) to produce undercooled core-shell particles of structure; metal/oxide shell-acetate ('/' = physisorbed, '-' = chemisorbed), from molten Field's metal (Bi-In-Sn) and Bi-Sn alloys. These particles exhibit stability against solidification at ambient conditions. Besides synthesis, we report the use of these undercooled metal, liquid core-shell, particles for heat free joining and manufacturing at ambient conditions. Our approach incorporates gentle etching and/or fracturing of outer oxide-acetate layers through mechanical stressing or shearing, thus initiating a cascade entailing fluid flow with concomitant deformation, combination/alloying, shaping, and solidification. This simple and low cost technique for soldering and fabrication enables formation of complex shapes and joining at the meso- and micro-scale at ambient conditions without heat or electricity.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.