ArticleJournal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition2016
Temporal and spatial distribution of macrophage phenotype markers in the foreign body response to glutaraldehyde-crosslinked gelatin hydrogels.
Article in Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Foreign body reaction: towards a macrophage-centered adverse outcome pathway for fibrotic encapsulation.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Development of porcine skeletal muscle extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels with improved properties and low immunogenicity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Orthogonally Crosslinked Gelatin-Norbornene Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications.Macromolecular bioscience · 2024Review
- Exploring the vast potentials and probable limitations of novel and nanostructured implantable drug delivery systems for cancer treatment.EXCLI journal · 2024Review
- Immunomodulatory contribution of mast cells to the regenerative biomaterial microenvironment.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2023Article
- Skewing cPLAScience signaling · 2023Article
- Nanotopographical cues for regulation of macrophages and osteoclasts: emerging opportunities for osseointegration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
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- Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogels for Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Investigating Mechanisms of Subcutaneous Preconditioning Incubation for Neural Stem Cell Embedded Hydrogels.ACS applied bio materials · 2022Article
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- Promoting musculoskeletal system soft tissue regeneration by biomaterial-mediated modulation of macrophage polarization.Bioactive materials · 2021Review
- Article
- Cellular and Molecular Dynamics during Early Oral Osseointegration: A Comprehensive Characterization in the Lewis Rat.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2021Article
- Regulation of extracellular matrix assembly and structure by hybrid M1/M2 macrophages.Biomaterials · 2021Article
- Chronic Granulomatous Inflammation after CyPass® Implantation.Ocular oncology and pathology · 2020Article
- Switch of macrophage fusion competency by 3D matrices.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Towards Understanding Therapeutic Failures in Masquelet Surgery: First Evidence that Defective Induced Membrane Properties are Associated with Clinical Failures.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Injectable porcine bone demineralized and digested extracellular matrix-PEGDA hydrogel blend for bone regeneration.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2020Article
- Effects of Biotin-Avidin Interactions on Hydrogel Swelling.Frontiers in chemistry · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Currently, it is not well understood how changes in biomaterial properties affect the foreign body response (FBR) or macrophage behavior. Because failed attempts at biomaterial degradation by macrophages have been linked to frustrated phagocytosis, a defining feature of the FBR, we hypothesized that increased hydrogel crosslinking density (and decreased degradability) would exacerbate the FBR. Gelatin hydrogels were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (0.05, 0.1, and 0.3%) and implanted subcutaneously in C57BL/6 mice over the course of 3 weeks. Interestingly, changes in hydrogel crosslinking did not affect the thickness of the fibrous capsule surrounding the hydrogels, expression of the pan-macrophage marker F480, expression of three macrophage phenotype markers (iNOS, Arg1, CD163), or expression of the myofibroblast marker aSMA, determined using semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis. With respect to temporal changes, the level of expression of the M1 marker (iNOS) remained relatively constant throughout the study, while the M2 markers Arg1 and CD163 increased over time. Expression of these M2 markers was highly correlated with fibrous capsule thickness. Differences in spatial distribution of staining also were noted, with the strongest staining for iNOS at the hydrogel surface and increasing expression of the myofibroblast marker aSMA toward the outer edge of the fibrous capsule. These results confirm previous reports that macrophages in the FBR exhibit characteristics of both M1 and M2 phenotypes. Understanding the effects (or lack of effects) of biomaterial properties on the FBR and macrophage phenotype may aid in the rational design of biomaterials to integrate with surrounding tissue.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.