ArticleClinical epigenetics2016
Development of 5' LTR DNA methylation of latent HIV-1 provirus in cell line models and in long-term-infected individuals.
Article in Clinical epigenetics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is the molecular microenvironment of the latent HIV reservoir predictable using deep learning approaches?Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Breaking into HIV-1's Epigenetic Vault: Cure Strategies to Eliminate the Viral Reservoir.Viruses · 2026Review
- Epigenetic mechanisms of retroviral regulation: a comparative review.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Review
- HIV associated immune aging among people living with HIV: implications for long-term antiretroviral therapy and potential HIV cure interventions in sub-Saharan Africa.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- ORC1 enhances repressive epigenetic modifications on HIV-1 LTR to promote HIV-1 latency.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- IFI27 is a potential therapeutic target for HIV infection.Annals of medicine · 2022Article
- Review
- CBX4 contributes to HIV-1 latency by forming phase-separated nuclear bodies and SUMOylating EZH2.EMBO reports · 2022Article
- Novel role of UHRF1 in the epigenetic repression of the latent HIV-1.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
- Commentary on "ExRNA · 2022Article
- Fighting HIV-1 Persistence: At the Crossroads of "Shoc-K and B-Lock".Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Inhibition of the H3K27 demethylase UTX enhances the epigenetic silencing of HIV proviruses and induces HIV-1 DNA hypermethylation but fails to permanently block HIV reactivation.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Exosome-mediated stable epigenetic repression of HIV-1.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Histone chaperone CAF-1 promotes HIV-1 latency by leading the formation of phase-separated suppressive nuclear bodies.The EMBO journal · 2021Article
- Epigenetic Mechanisms of HIV-1 Persistence.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Article
- Towards a Functional Cure of HIV-1: Insight Into the Chromatin Landscape of the Provirus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Deciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Balance between Retroviral Latency and Transcription: Based on HIV Model.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- The chromatin landscape at the HIV-1 provirus integration site determines viral expression.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) latency represents the major barrier to virus eradication in infected individuals because cells harboring latent HIV-1 provirus are not affected by current antiretroviral therapy (ART). We previously demonstrated that DNA methylation of HIV-1 long terminal repeat (5' LTR) restricts HIV-1 reactivation and, together with chromatin conformation, represents an important mechanism of HIV-1 latency maintenance. Here, we explored the new issue of temporal development of DNA methylation in latent HIV-1 5' LTR.
resultsIn the Jurkat CD4(+) T cell model of latency, we showed that the stimulation of host cells contributed to de novo DNA methylation of the latent HIV-1 5' LTR sequences. Consecutive stimulations of model CD4(+) T cell line with TNF-α and PMA or with SAHA contributed to the progressive accumulation of 5' LTR DNA methylation. Further, we showed that once established, the high DNA methylation level of the latent 5' LTR in the cell line model was a stable epigenetic mark. Finally, we explored the development of 5' LTR DNA methylation in the latent reservoir of HIV-1-infected individuals who were treated with ART. We detected low levels of 5' LTR DNA methylation in the resting CD4(+) T cells of the group of patients who were treated for up to 3 years. However, after long-term ART, we observed an accumulation of 5' LTR DNA methylation in the latent reservoir. Importantly, within the latent reservoir of some long-term-treated individuals, we uncovered populations of proviral molecules with a high density of 5' LTR CpG methylation.
conclusionsOur data showed the presence of 5' LTR DNA methylation in the long-term reservoir of HIV-1-infected individuals and implied that the transient stimulation of cells harboring latent proviruses may contribute, at least in part, to the methylation of the HIV-1 promoter.
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