Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26899439›Full record

ArticleDiabetic foot & ankle2016

Type 2 diabetes-related foot care knowledge and foot self-care practice interventions in the United States: a systematic review of the literature.

Timethia Bonner, Margaret Foster, Erica Spears-Lanoix

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetic foot & ankle, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Treatment of Diabetes in Older Adults: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019
    Guideline
  3. Trial
  4. Diabetes and Foot Health Among South Asian People Seeking Asylum in the United Kingdom: A Theory-Informed Scoping Review.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. 'Diabetes Makes You Lose Your Leg': Footcare Self-Management Amongst I-Taukei Fijians-A Wearable Camera Study.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Healthcare costs of diabetic foot disease in Italy: estimates for event and state costs.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2023
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Timethia BonnerDepartment of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; tjbonner@tamu.edu.
Margaret FosterHealth Sciences Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Erica Spears-LanoixDepartment of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe purpose of this systematic literature review is to review published studies on foot care knowledge and foot care practice interventions as part of diabetic foot care self-management interventions.

methodsMedline, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched. References from the included studies were reviewed to identify any missing studies that could be included. Only foot care knowledge and foot care practice intervention studies that focused on the person living with type 2 diabetes were included in this review. Author, study design, sample, intervention, and results were extracted.

resultsThirty studies met the inclusion criteria and were classified according to randomized controlled trial (n=9), survey design (n=13), cohort studies (n=4), cross-sectional studies (n=2), qualitative studies (n=2), and case series (n=1). Improving lower extremity complications associated with type 2 diabetes can be done through effective foot care interventions that include foot care knowledge and foot care practices.

conclusionPreventing these complications, understanding the risk factors, and having the ability to manage complications outside of the clinical encounter is an important part of a diabetes foot self-care management program. Interventions and research studies that aim to reduce lower extremity complications are still lacking. Further research is needed to test foot care interventions across multiple populations and geographic locations.

Indexed as

diabetesdiabetic foot diseasefoot carefoot care knowledgeself-care management

Identifiers

PMID26899439
PMCPMC4761684

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.