ReviewNeuroscience bulletin2016
Insular Cortex is Critical for the Perception, Modulation, and Chronification of Pain.
Review in Neuroscience bulletin, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07432841 (Innovative Neuromodulation Treatments for Chronic Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 140 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Innovative Neuromodulation Treatments for Chronic Pain: Assessing and Predicting the Effects of Personalized High-Definition Protocols for Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS)
Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 261 citations in OpenAlex.
- Symptom effects and central mechanism of acupuncture in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review based on fMRI studies.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Pooled it
- Neuroimaging Studies of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome.Pain research & management · 2022Pooled it
- Enhancing interoceptive awareness in chronic pain and opioid misuse via mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Neurofeedback modulation of insula activity via MEG-based brain-machine interface: a double-blind randomized controlled crossover trial.Communications biology · 2025Trial
- Active and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improved quality of life in female patients with fibromyalgia.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- The Sentinel Sleep Theory: Unweaving the biological function of REM sleep.Sleep medicine: X · 2026Article
- The hijacked insula: A stratified model of affective touch modulation in chronic pain.Journal of neuropsychology · 2026Review
- Whole-Brain Monosynaptic Inputs to and Axonal Projections From Posterior Insular Cortex GABAergic Neurons in Mice.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- The Deep-Match Framework for Event-Related Potential Detection in EEG.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neuroimaging Correlates of Post-Stroke Pain After Ischemic Stroke: Secondary Analysis of the INSPiRE-TMS Trial.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Effects of electroacupuncture at Zusanli on pain-perception-related brain nuclei in KOA mice: a study on cortical and subcortical c-fos expression.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2026Article
- Caudal Granular Insular Cortex to Somatosensory Cortex I: A Critical Pathway for the Transition of Acute to Chronic Pain.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Anterior insular co-activation patterns associated with stress markers in chronic primary pain.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Home-Based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Menstrual Pain and Premenstrual Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Manual Massage Therapy for Neuropathic Pain: Clinical Evidence and Mechanistic Insights.Pain research & management · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic signatures of the insular cortex in a mouse model of neuropathic pain.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Moxibustion Stimulation Induces Changes in Brain Activity: A Functional MR Imaging Study.Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2025Article
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An increasing body of neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies of the brain suggest that the insular cortex (IC) integrates multimodal salient information ranging from sensation to cognitive-affective events to create conscious interoception. Especially with regard to pain experience, the IC has been supposed to participate in both sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational aspects of pain. In this review, we discuss the latest data proposing that subregions of the IC are involved in isolated pain networks: the posterior sensory circuit and the anterior emotional network. Due to abundant connections with other brain areas, the IC is likely to serve as an interface where cross-modal shaping of pain occurs. In chronic pain, however, this mode of emotional awareness and the modulation of pain are disrupted. We highlight some of the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes of the pain modulation system that contribute to the transition from acute to chronic pain in the IC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.