ArticleCirculation2016
Circulating Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Predicts Future Risk of Cardiovascular Events Independently of Established Risk Factors.
Article in Circulation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06675994 (Evaluation of PCSK9 Enzyme in Non-Cholesterol Biological Pathways), which is not on this map. Cited by 105 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of PCSK9 Enzyme in Non-Cholesterol Biological Pathways: In Vitro Demonstration of Direct Platelet-Related Effects of PCSK9 Enzyme
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global trends and research hotspots of PCSK9 and cardiovascular disease: a bibliometric and visual analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-GWAS of PCSK9 levels detects two novel loci at APOB and TM6SF2.Human molecular genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Association Between Circulating Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, Stroke, and All-Cause Mortality: Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Identifying the anti-inflammatory response to lipid lowering therapy: a position paper from the working group on atherosclerosis and vascular biology of the European Society of Cardiology.Cardiovascular research · 2019Guideline
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The efficacy of evolocumab in the management of hyperlipidemia: a systematic review.Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular diseasePooled it
- Trial
- Evolocumab, a PCSK9-Monoclonal Antibody, Rapidly Reverses Coronary Artery Endothelial Dysfunction in People Living With HIV and People With Dyslipidemia.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Trial
- Proteomic profiles before and during weight loss: Results from randomized trial of dietary intervention.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonism Improves Lipid Profiles and Lowers PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9) in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2019Trial
- Circulating PCSK9 as a sex-stratified predictor in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Insights from a prospective cohort study in Chinese adults.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Circulating PCSK9: A new frontier in cancer risk stratification for obese diabetics.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9-CC-motif chemokine ligand 2 interactions link lipoprotein(a) composition to intermediate monocyte inflammation in coronary artery disease.Atherosclerosis plus · 2026Article
- PCSK9 Predicts Adverse Limb Outcomes After Endovascular Revascularization in Diabetic Chronic Limb-threatening Ischemia.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of ITGB7 Promotes Coronary Heart Disease via Immune and Metabolic Pathways: A Multimodal Mendelian Randomization Study.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2026Article
- The discovery of PCSK9 as a pivotal point in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Review
- Effects of theGenes · 2025Article
- Advanced Multipurpose Spectroscopic Nanobio-Device for Concurrent Lab-on-a-Chip Label-Free Separation and Detection of Extracellular Vesicles as Key-Biomarkers for Point-of-Care Cardiovascular Disease Diagnostics.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Evolocumab attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by blocking PCSK9/LIAS-mediated cuproptosis of cardiomyocytes.Basic research in cardiology · 2025Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe secreted protein proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a promising new target for lowering plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The relationship between circulating PCSK9 and incident CVD in the general population is unknown. We investigated whether serum PCSK9 concentration is associated with incident CVD in a prospective cohort study of 4232 men and women 60 years of age at the time of recruitment. METHODS AND
resultsIncident CVD was recorded by matching to national registries. After 15 years of follow-up, a total of 491 incident events (fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarctions, unstable angina, deaths from coronary heart disease, fatal and nonfatal ischemic strokes) were recorded. Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Baseline serum PCSK9 concentration predicted incident CVD; concentration in quartile 4 compared with quartile 1 was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.69 (95% confidence interval, 1.30-2.19) after adjustment for sex. Further adjustment for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, overweight, obesity, physical inactivity, and statin use resulted in a decrease in the hazard ratio to 1.48 (95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.95).
conclusionsSerum PCSK9 concentration is associated with future risk of CVD even after adjustments for established CVD risk factors. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.